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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drugs used in UTIs
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trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole
fluoroquinolones antisseptics |
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if resistance is >20% in the area use this to treat uncomplicated cystitis
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fluoroquinolones
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first line for uncomplicated UTI
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trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole
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oral sulfonamide
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sulfisoxazole
sulfamethoxazole |
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topical sulfonamides
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sodium sulfacetamide
silver sulfadiazine |
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topical sulfonamide used for burns
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silver sulfadiazine
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topical sulfonamide used for conjunctivitis
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sodium sulfacetamide
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sulfonamide MOA
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competes with PABA for DHP synthetase to make folate
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bacteria need what substrate to make folate
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endogenous PABA
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mechanisms of resistance to sulfonamides
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overproduction of PABA
mutated binding site |
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bacteria that are becoming more resistant to sulfonamides
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...cocci
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mechanism of drug drug interactions with sulfonamides
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displaces drugs bound to albumin effectively raising their concentration
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adverse effects of sulfonamides
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HSR due to sulfur allergy
anemia (hemolytic of aplastic) crystalluria Kernicterus (encephalopathy) |
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how to prevent crystalluria induced by sulfonamides
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alkalinize urine
maintain hydration |
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disease assx with hemolytic anemia induced by sulfonamides
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glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
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what is kenicterus and how is it caused
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encephalopathy caused by displacement of bilirubin from albumin which causes it to deposit in the brain
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population at increased risk of kenicterus with sulfonamide use
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late pregnancy or nursing mothers
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trimethoprim MOA
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DHF reductase inhibitor
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why are sulfonamides and trimethoprim synergistic
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sulfonamides hit the first enzyme in folate synthesis and trimethoprim hits the second
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why are sulf and trimeth selective to bacteria
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bacteria cannot use exogenous folate like we do to produce purines
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clinical use of only trimethoprim
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prostatitis (concentrates in prostatic fluid)
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clinical use of only trimethoprim
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prostatitis (concentrates in prostatic fluid)
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mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim
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overexpression or alteration of DHFR
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mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim
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overexpression or alteration of DHFR
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side effects of trimethoprim
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skin problems
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side effects of trimethoprim
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skin problems
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what is bactrim
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TMP + SMX
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what is bactrim
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TMP + SMX
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bactrim is bacteriostatic or bactericidal
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bactericidal
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bactrim is bacteriostatic or bactericidal
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bactericidal
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clinical uses of bactrim
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UTI
prostatitis pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
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clinical uses of bactrim
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UTI
prostatitis pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
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fluoroquinolones
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ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin moxifloxacin norfloxacin |
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fluoroquinolones
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ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin moxifloxacin norfloxacin |
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fluoroquinolone effective against pseudomonas
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ciprofloxacin
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fluoroquinolone effective against pseudomonas
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ciprofloxacin
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MOA of fluoroquinolones
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inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
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MOA of fluoroquinolones
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inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
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fluoroquinolones are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
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bactericidal
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fluoroquinolones are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
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bactericidal
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first line tx of post-exposure inhalation anthrax
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ciprofloxacin
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fluoroquinolone with expanded G+ activity (strep pneumo)
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levofloxacin
moxifloxacin |
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fluoroquinolone with activity against E faecali and anaerobes
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moxifloxacin
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causes hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients
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sulfonamides
nitrofurantoin |
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fluoroquinlone limited to UTI tx
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Norfloxacin, rapidly excreted
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prolonged QT
tendon and cartilage damage |
fluoroquinolones
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fluoroquinolone that is metabolized by liver and not good for UTIs
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moxifloxacin
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pt to avoid fluoroquinolone use
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pregnant mothers
children hypokalemic pt. (long QT) |
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urinary antiseptic
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nitrofurantoin
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MOA of nitrofurantoin
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ROS formation and DNA damage
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clinical use of nitrofurantoin
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prevention of UTI in chronic condition
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why is nitrofurantoin not used systemically
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rapid excretion
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UTI drug that turns urine brown
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nitrofurantoin
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side effects of nitrofurantoin
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hemolytic anemia
acute pneumonitis brown pee |
