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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are _____ spectrum drugs.
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Broad
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How do sulfonamides work?
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Block step where PABA is combined with pteridine to form dihydropteroic acid
Competitive inhibitors of the reaction |
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How does trimethoprim work?
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
(Converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolic acid) |
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Humans and bacteria both need folic acid. How come we are not hurt by taking these drugs?
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Human can take in folate from diet; bacteria must synthesize folic acid from precursors
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What is the use of sulfonamides?
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Urinary Tract Infection
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What is the preferred sulfonamide for UTIs?
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sulfamethoxazole
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What are the adverse reactions to sulfonamides?
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Hypersensitivity
Photosensitivity Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Hemolytic Anemia Kernicterus Renal Damage from Crystalluria |
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What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
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Wide spread lesions of the skin and mucous membranes with fever, malaise, and toxemia
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What should be done if a rash is found while taking sulfonamides?
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Discontinue immediately
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What is Kernicterus?
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Disorder of newborns caused by deposition of bilirubin in the brain
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What is bilirubin?
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Neurotoxic normally bound to plasma proteins
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Who should not receive sulfanomides?
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Infants under the age of 2 months or pregnant/breast-feeding women
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What can reduce the risk of renal damage from crystalluria?
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Maintaining adequate hydration
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What is the use of trimethoprim?
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Uncomplicated UTIs
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What are the adverse effects of trimethoprim?
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Hematologic effects
Fetal Damage |
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Trimethoprim/Sulamethoxazole if sold as a fixed-dose combination product.
T or F |
True
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What are the uses of Trimethoprim/Sulamethoxazole?
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UTIs
Pneumocyctis carinii (immunocompromised hosts) |
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What group of people are especially susceptible to Trimethoprim/Sulamethoxazole toxicity?
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AIDS patients
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