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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Regarding diet and caries, name some epidemiological studies?
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-WWII
-Tristan da Cunha -Hopewood House -Anthropological studies e.g. Inuit people of Cananda -and Indigenous Australians -Vipeholm |
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Types of studies investigating sugars?
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1. epidemiological
2. natural experiments 3. intentional experiments 4. animal experiments 5. plaque pH studies 6. enamel block experiments |
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What are safe levels of sugar?
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10kg per person per year in non-fluoridated areas
15kg per person per year in fluoridated areas |
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What was the Hopewood house experiment?
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natural- a hostel in NSW 1947-1962
no sugar or white flour no fluoride, poor OH 46% caries free at age 12yrs NSW average at the time was 1% caries free |
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What was the Vipeholm study?
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Intentional- 430 subjects 1945-1953, inmates divided into groups with controlled consumption of refined sugars, varied in:
amount frequency physical form time of consumption |
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What was the conclusion of the Vipeholm study?
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-sugar consumption increases caries
-risk of caries is higher is sugar is in sticky form -risk is greatest if sugar is taken between meals and in sticky form -increase in caries disappear on withdrawal of sticky foodstuffs |
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What was the Turku study?
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-a trial of sugar, fructose and xylitol
-115 subjects-volunteers -special foods made -diet diary kept for 745days -pt monitored carefully for caries DMFS increase in sucrose, fructose and xylitol |
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What are animal experiments mainly done on?
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specially bred rats, the results they found were:
-increased number of feeds, increased decay greatly -decays rates are affected by sugar content in pod -little difference between different sugars -feeding by gastric tube causes no decay |
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What was the plaque pH experiment?
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studies acid production in the mouth in humans
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When consuming sugars, what is more important, frequency or amount?
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frequency
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Define starch in dental caries?
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starch is main source of carbohydrates, which is broken down to glucose by amalyse in saliva. starch may cause caries.
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Traditional diets that are high in unrefined carbs have, what?
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low cariogenicity (potential for caries production)
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Refined sugars have, what?
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high cariogenicity
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Starch becomes more cariogenic when it is?
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refined
cooked mixed with sugars |
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What is the epidemiology of starch and dental caries?
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-little correlation between starch consumption and caries
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Why does processing starch increase its cariogencity?
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because starch is in granule form surrounded by a husk which is protected from saliva and swallowed intact, refining/cooking/processing starch removes the husk and breaks down the granules, food then becomes sticky and retentive.
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