Subtest 1: History And Social Science, California History

Front 1

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Back 1

restricted European colonization of the Americas, in response to Russian interest in California

Front 2

Purpose of California Missions (3)

Back 2

1. Create permanent and self-sufficient Spanish settlements in CA (in response to foreign interest in CA)
2. Defend the Spanish empire in Mexico
3. Convert indigenous peoples

Front 3

Organization of California Missions (3)

Back 3

1. Built in areas with high concentrations of natives
2. Constructed from materials on hand
3. Cultivation of cereal grains, grapes, fruit trees, olives; raised livestock

Front 4

Positive Outcomes of California Missions (3)

Back 4

1. Provided presidios (Spanish forts) with food and goods
2. Some cases, enjoyed great economic success
3. Gave Spain a foothold in California

Front 5

Negative Outcomes of California Missions (3)

Back 5

1. Exposed natives to European diseases
2. Destroyed native culture
3. Exploited native labor force

Front 6

Characteristics of Spanish Colonization of California (3)

Back 6

1. Missions (self supporting religious centers)
2. Presidios (garrisons): provide coastal defense and protection to pueblos and missions
3. Pueblos (towns): provide agriculture for the presidios and as population centers

Front 7

Characteristics of Mexican Rule of California (4)

Back 7

Reversed many Spanish government practices:
1. Missions secularized and lands sold to powerful families (Californios), ranches became dominant institutions
2. Allows trade with foreigners, non-Mexicans encroach further into the territory
3. Made Indians citizens of Mexico
4. Conflict between Californios and Mexican government (expelled Mexican governors in 1845)

Front 8

Impacts of the Gold Rush (1848) (3)

Back 8

1. Settler population increases dramatically (gain 365k in 13 years)
2. CA gains statehood due to population growth (31st state)
3. Slavery prohibited in CA with Compromise of 1850

Front 9

Homestead Act (1862)

Back 9

Allows citizens to claim free land if they would live on it and improve it for five years

Front 10

Transcontinental Railroad (completed in 1869) (3)

Back 10

1. Completes Manifest Destiny
2. Immigrant labor used (Chinese for Central Pacific side, Irish for Union Pacific side)
3. Only four men (Hopkins, Crocker, Huntington, Stanford) control railroad industry and political scene in California

Front 11

Results of Economic Depression of 1870s (5)

Back 11

1. Low wages, high unemployment
2. Railroad abuses (unfair pricing and rebates)
3. Restriction of water rights by land monopolies
4. Collapse of Bank of California (1875)
5. Open hostility towards Chinese, blamed for economic problems

Front 12

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Back 12

Restricted Chinese immigration to only mine workers, no non-laborers were allowed to immigrate for 10 years

Front 13

Workingmen's Party (1877) (2)

Back 13

1. Nativist, anti-Chinese, and anti-big business
2. Pushed through anti-Chinese legislation in the California Constitution (1879)

Front 14

Governor Hiram Johnson's (1911) Progressive Reforms (5)

Back 14

1. Railroad regulation
2. Regulation of all public utilities
3. Women granted right to vote
4. Worker's compensation law passed
5. Alien Land Law prohibits non-citizens (Japanese) from purchasing or leasing land in CA
6. Referendum, initiative, and recall added to CA constitution to make government more accessible to the people

Front 15

Causes of Economic Boom 1911-1930 (4)

Back 15

1. Discovery of oil in LA county and basin
2. Rise of Hollywood
3. Agriculture (with help of new immigrants)
4. Panama Canal opens in 1914

Front 16

Results of Economic Boom 1911-1930 (3)

Back 16

1. Population grows to six million (6th most populous state by 1930)
2. Politics characterized by power struggle between north and south, urban and rural
3. Real-estate boom

Front 17

Impacts of Great Depression on California

Back 17

1. Dust Bowl migrants flood the state (agriculture still thriving in CA), wages fall, homelessness ensues
2. Mexican repatriate Mexico with competition for agriculture jobs (many forced to leave)
3. Film industry booms, provides escape from reality
4. Production cuts in oil industry due to falling prices and surpluses

Front 18

Impacts of World War II on California (5)

Back 18

1. Economic revitalization through defense contracts (CA becomes the "defense center" of the nation)
2. Japanese-Americans forced to sell businesses and relocate to inland detention camps
3. Hundreds of thousands of military personnel migrate to CA
4. With influx of people, need for pubic services and water increases
5. Hollywood benefits (entertainment demands, war propaganda contracts)
6. Influx of minority immigrants. Mexicans take over farming positions and African-Americans take over urban factory positions as other Americans go to war.

Front 19

Primary Economic Regions of Modern California (5)

Back 19

1. Hollywood (entertainment)
2. Aerospace (southern California)
3. Agriculture (central valley)
4. Computers/high technology (Silicon Valley)
5. Wine (Napa, Sonoma, Santa Barbara, Paso Robles)

Front 20

The Referendum (Progressive Reform of 1910)

Back 20

a petition by citizens to vote on legislation that has already become law; in essence, gives people the power to veto laws by popular consensus

Front 21

The Recall (Progressive Reform of 1910)

Back 21

Allows citizens to remove an elected official from office.

Front 22

Initiatives (Progressive Reform of 1910)

Back 22

Through popular petition, can bring a proposition to the ballot. ie. Reforming school funding.

Front 23

Chumash Indians (3)

Back 23

1. LIved along the southern part of the coastal region
2. Warm, dry climate limited fishing opportunities, primarily ate acorns
3. Tar was a natural resource there, used to waterproof canoes and cooking vessels

Front 24

Yurok Indians

Back 24

1. LIved along the northern Pacific coast of California
2. Staple food was salmon

Front 25

Mojave Indians

Back 25

1. Lived in the desert (Mojave desert)
2. Dry conditions forced them to develop subsistence farming