Substance Use Disorders

Front 1

What are psychoactive substances and what are they used for?

Back 1

substances we take to change how we FEEL

Front 2

What is addiction?

Back 2

When one takes a substance/does a behavior despite ADVERSE consequences

Front 3

What is a craving?

Back 3

Our bodies have evolved cravings to fulfill our needs

Front 4

What does the dopamine reward pathway do?

Back 4

it makes us feel good when we do something for survival

Front 5

What do drugs do to the dopamine reward pathway?

Back 5

they hijack this system, causing people to neglect basic actions for survival (ie dont eat because they would rather take substances)

Front 6

Why does "-aholic" have no place in psychiatry?

Back 6

1. non-specific term
2. pejorative

Front 7

List the 4 professional terms that displace -aholic

Back 7

1. substance ABUSE
2. substance DEPENDENCE
3. substance induced INTOXICATION
4. substance induced WITHDRAWAL

Front 8

What is usually synonymous with addicted?

Back 8

dependent

Front 9

List common substances of abuse categories

Back 9

1. CNS depressants
2. CNS stimulants
3. Opioids
4. Hallucinogens
5. Cannabis
6. Inhalants
7. Club drugs

Front 10

Give examples of CNS depressants

Back 10

1. Alcohol (ETOH)
2. barbs
3. benzos
4. chloral hydrate
5. other sedatives, hypnotics

Front 11

Give examples of CNS stimulants

Back 11

1. cocaine
2. amphetamines
3. caffeine
4. nicotine

Front 12

Give examples of opioids

Back 12

1. opium
2. heroin
3. meperidine
4. morphine
5. codeine
6. methadone
7. hydromorphone
8. fentanyl

Front 13

Give examples of hallucinogens

Back 13

1. LSD
2. PCP
3. mescaline

Front 14

Give examples of cannabis

Back 14

1. Marijuana
2. Hashish
3. THC

Front 15

Give examples of inhalants

Back 15

1. glue
2. lighter fluid
3. spray paint
4. paint thinner

Front 16

Give examples of club drugs

Back 16

1. MDMA (ecstacy)
2. GHB
3. Date Rape Drug: Rohypnol

Front 17

Which substances have a low addictive potential?

Back 17

halluncinogens

Front 18

Which drugs have a very high addictive potential?

Back 18

crack cocaine

Front 19

What are some ways that drugs are taken?

Back 19

1. smoked
2. oral ingestion (hallucinogens, sedatives)
3. intranasal (powdered cocaine, inhalants)
4. injection (heroine)

*taken in different ways to produce different effects

Front 20

Which drugs energize and stimulate (uppers)?

Back 20

1. amphetamines
2. cocaine

Front 21

Which drugs relax and tranquilize?

Back 21

Benzos:
1. Ativan
2. Quaalude
3. Phenobarbital
4. Ambien
(Z-drugs)

Front 22

Which drugs have dual effects?

Back 22

1. alcohol
2. nicotine

*very complex because of complicated action on the brain

Front 23

What does alcohol do to NTs?

Back 23

Alcohol increases:
1. [GABA]
2. [D, S]

this tends to have an inhibitory effect on neurons, making us more likely to act on the impulses we have

Front 24

Describe the biological etiology of substance abuse

Back 24

There is clear evidence that substance use problems runs in families

genetics can PREDISPOSE (or inhibit) substance use disorders (ie through metabolic differences)

Front 25

How do drugs stimulate the dopaminergic reward pathway?

Back 25

by doling out good feelings for eating, drinking, sex

Front 26

Why don't all people become addicted to drugs when they try them?

Back 26

our reward pathways differ

Front 27

What is the reward pathway responsible for?

Back 27

stimulating cravings

Front 28

Give an example of the sensitizing effects of nicotine

Back 28

people who use nicotine are more likely to become cocaine dependent due to nicotine's enhancing properties on memory

Front 29

Describe pschological etiologies of substance abuse

Back 29

1. self-medicating against low self-esteem, physical pain, psychological pain of negative emotions, need for control/intimacy/accomplishment
2. personality disorder

Front 30

Describe personality in relation to substance abuse disorder

Back 30

antisocial people tend to develop these disorders

Front 31

List 4 social etiologies of substance abuse disorders

Back 31

Risk factors associated with drug use:

1. environmental (in slum)
2. dysfunctional family dynamics
3. peer pressure
4. social maladaptation or deviance (conduct disorder associated with later drug use)

Front 32

Describe adverse childhood experiences and it's etiological influence on substance abuse

Back 32

there's a positive link between high ACE scores and later substance abuse disorders and psychiatric disorders

Front 33

What is necessary for the transition from causal use of a substance to the inability to stop chronic use?

Back 33

alteration of HPA axis function (from acute and chronic stress)

Front 34

What does ACE (a social factor) appear to impact?

Back 34

1. biology
2. psychology

Front 35

What percentage of alcohol consumed in the US is by those addicted to the substance?

Back 35

80%

Front 36

What is the most commonly used illegal drug?

Back 36

cannabis

Front 37

Describe gender issues and substance abuse

Back 37

-men are more likely than women

-being married decreases abuse levels

Front 38

Which substances are men more likely to abuse?

Back 38

1. heroine
2. alcohol

Front 39

Which substances are women more likely to abuse?

Back 39

prescription drugs

Front 40

What comorbidities do substance-dependent individuals tend to have DUE TO LONG TERM USE?

Back 40

mental disorders:
1. anxiety disorders
2. phobias
3. OCD
4. MDD
5. dysthymia

Front 41

Too much alcohol for too long can cause what?

Back 41

1. neurotoxicity
2. dementia

Front 42

Too much substance abuse for too long can cause what?

Back 42

psychomotor agitation from damaged motor neurons

Front 43

What are other coexisting mental disorders with substance abuse?

Back 43

1. ADHD
2. personality disorders

Front 44

Which risks are associated with people who abuse substances?

Back 44

1. drug OD
2. homicide
3. opportunistic infx (HIV, Hep)
4. suicide (25% of ppl who commit suicide abuse/use drugs; 15% use/abuse alochol) compared to 1% of the pop