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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pattern of substance use that leads to negative consequences or hazardous behavior
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substance abuse
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more severe disorder, often involves physiological need for a substance
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substance dependence
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High doses of alcohol cause?
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Depresses brain functioning
Impaired judgment & self-control Decreased coordination & sexual functioning Memory probs, inability to feel pain, cold. |
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Blood alcohol concentration is
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# of grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood
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BAC that causees unconsciousness
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.50%
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BAC that is usually lethal
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0.55%
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BAC is affected by
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# of drinks, rate of drinking, weight, food in the stomach
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lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder
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18% lifetime
8% past year |
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Alcohol associated with:
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>50% of deaths suffered in auto accidents
40-50% of all murders >50% of all rapes 43% of violent encounter w/ police |
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Estimated percentage of people 12 and over who drove under the influence
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13.6%
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Cirrhosis of the liver
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involves stiffening of the blood vessels in the liver
15 - 30% of heavy drinkers develop this, often fatal |
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Korsakoff's Syndrome
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short-term memory loss, due to long-term vitamin B deficiency associated with alcoholism (interferes with nutrient absorption)
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Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome
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0.5 - 2.0 cases per 1,000 births
3rd leading cause of birth defects |
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fetal alcohol syndrome can lead to
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cognitive impairment, aggression, hyperactivity, facial and limb deformities, low birth weight, heart problems
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percentage of alcoholics who have at least 1 parent with an alcohol disorder
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33%
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Risk factors for alcohol use disorders
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1. youth
2. family hisory 3. male sex 4. personality 5. having a psychological disorder 6. drinking to cope with negative emotion 7. having heavy drinking peers |
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personality traits related to risk for AUD
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impusivity, sensation-seeking, risk-taking, aggression
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Medication for AUDs
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antabuse: causes vomiting after alcohol consumption
naltrexone: blocks rewarding effects of alcohol |
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Other treatments for aUD
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1.therapy
2. family therapy 3. motivational interviewing 4. cognitive behavioral therapy 5. AA meetings |
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type of stimulant drug; increases alertness and motor activity by increasing brain dopamine levels
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Amphetamines
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Origin of amphetamines
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synthesized in WWII, used to ward off fatigue, increase productivity, decrease appetite, relieve stiffness
"wonder drug" |
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Use of meth skyrocketed in
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the 1990s
related deaths tripled between 91-94 |
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stimulant that is cheap and easy to make
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methamphetamine
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how meth can be taken
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orally, intravenously, intranasally
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Effects of meth at low doses
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euphoria, imparied judgement, anger, tension, anxiety
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Effects of meth at high doses
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hallucinations, panic, agitation, aggression, paranoid delusions
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Crystal meth is ____, stays in system for __hours, associated with marked _____
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purified, 12, aggression
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____ medicines contain amphetamines
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Cold
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disorders in which people repeatedly lose control of behavior in response to irresistable impulses
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impulse control disorders
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Three Essential features of impulse control disorders
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1. people unable to refrain from acting on impulses that are harmful
2. before acting on impulses people fear pressured and anxiety can only be relieved by acting on impulse 3. upon carrying out impulse feel a sense of pleasure, gratification, or relief |
