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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when to use it |
-to express doubt, insecurity, influence, opinion, feelings, hope, wishes, desires, -must be two subjects (otherwise use infinitive) |
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how to form it |
-take the yo form of the present indicative -drop the final -o -add the following endings ar->e, es, e, emos, éis, en er->a, as, a, amos, áis, an ir->a, as, a, amos, áis, an |
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irregular forms |
verbs in irregular yo forms maintain this irregularity in all forms ie: -conocer->conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcan -hacer->haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagan |
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verbs ending in zar, car, gar |
-spelling changes in all present subjunctive forms, in order to maintain the sounds of the infinitives car:-c->qu zar:-z->c gar:g->gu |
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stem-changing verbs |
-in the subjunctive, stem changing -ar and -er verbs make the same vowel changes that they do in the present indicative (all except the nosotros change stem) -for -ir verbs, in addition to their usual changes of e->ie, e->i, and o->ue, in the nosotros/vosotros forms the stem vowels change ie->i and ue->u (the e->i stem change remains the same) -for e-> i stem changing verbs keep the change in all forms |
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irregular verbs |
dar- dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den estar- esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén saber-sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan ser- sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean ir-vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan |
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When to use subjunctive: Opinion |
-Es bueno/ malo/ mejor que: Its good/bad/better that -Es importante que: It is important that -Es increíble que: It is incredible that Es una lástima que- It is a pity that Es necessario que- It is necessary that Es preferible que: It is preferable that Es raro que: It is strange that |
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When to use subjunctive: Doubt and probability |
Es dudoso que: It is doubtful that Es imposible que: It is impossible that Es improbable que: It is unlikely that Es posible que: It is possible that Es probable que: It is likely that |
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when to use subjunctive wishes and hopes |
Ojalá que: I hope that Es necesario que: It is necessary that Tal vez: Maybe |
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when to use subjunctive: recommending, suggesting, requesting, or requiring something |
aconsejar-to recommend; advise desear- to wish esperar- to hope exigir- to demand insistir (en) - to insist (on) necesitar- to need pedir (e->i->i)- to ask for, to request preferir (e->ie->i)- to prefer prohibir- to prohibit proponer- to propose, suggest querer (e->ie)- to want, to wish recomendar (e->ie)- to recommend rogar (o->ue)- to beg sugerir (e->ie->i)- to suggest |
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when to use subjunctive: to express doubt, emotions, and sentiments |
verbs/phrases to express emotion: alegrarse de- to be happy (about) avergonzarse de- to feel ashamed of sentir- to regret temer/tener miedo de- to fear verbs/phrases to express doubt: dudar- to doubt no creer- not to believe no estar seguro- to be uncertain no pensar- not to think ser dudoso- to be doubtful ser probable- t be probable -the verbs creer, estar seguro de, and pensar DONT use subjunctive because they do not express doubt. instead they use the indicative |
