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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
function of Cerebellum
regulation of muscle tone and guidance of motor activity.
Temporary disruption causes punch-drunk syndrome
location and function of superior olive
Pons
through which auditory info is related from the ear to the brain
Lesion in the Dorsal and lateral regions of the hypothalamus result in
disruption of water intake
anterior and posterior sections of hypothalamus aid in the regulation of
body temperature
Lateral hypothalamus important for activation of the
fight and flight reactions
telencaphalon is comprised of
cerebral hemispheres
which include the cerebral cortex, white matter and basal ganglia
diencephalon is composed of
thalamus, hypothalamus and associated structures
midbrain is composed of
cerebral peduncles
midbrain tectum
midbrain tegmentum
hindbrain is compirsed of
a- metencephalon
-pons
- cerebellum
b- myelencephalon
-medulla
CSF is formed
mainly by vascular tufts within the ventricles called CHOROID PLEXUS
unipolar neurons
both axons and dendrites arise from a single process coming from the cell body
synaptic input resulting to neuron excitation it produces --------
a transient voltage change called action potential for 1 millisecond
a- the myelin forming glial cells in CNS are called_________
b- the myelin forming glial cells in PNS are called _________
a- oligodendrocytes
b- Schwann cells
voltage gated ion channels are found in which parts of the axon?
nodes of Ranvier
Name three neurotransmitters whose location and main projections are in the CNS:
1- Glutamate- neuron communication
2- GABA-inhibitory neurotransmission
3- Peptides-neuromodulation
serotonin is found in
1_______ and its action is 2______
1- midbrain and pons; raphe nuclei
2- neuromodulation
Dopamine is found in 1_________ and its action is 2_________
1- midbrain: SN, pars compacta, and ventral tegmental area
2-neuromodulation
Norepinephrine is found in1______and its action is 2________
1-sympathetic ganglia
2- neuromodulation
Acetycholine is found in 1_______ and its functions are 2_______
1- spinal cord anterior horns; basal forebrain and autonomic pregangionic nuclei; parasympathetic ganglia
2- muscle contraction, autonomic and parasympathetic functions and neuromodulation
histamine is found in 1_______ and its functions are2_________
1- hypothalamus: tuberomammillary nucleus; midbrain: reticular formation
2- excitatory neuromodulation
myelinated axons are called
white matter
areas made mostly of cell bodies are called 1_________
this is also found in large clusters of cells called __________
1gray matter, where most of the local synaptic communication occurs
----called nuclei eg basal ganglia, thalamus and cranial nerve nuclei
cerebral cortex is___________
gray matter that covers the surface of cerebral hemispheres
underneath the cerebral cortex lies the
1________
1- white matter which conveys signals to and from the cortex
Gray matter is outside in 1_________ it is inside in 2________ and it both inside and outside in 3________
1- cerebral hemispheres
2- spinal cord
3- brainstem
White matter pathways in CNS are also called:
tract,
fascicle,
lemniscus,
bundle
white matter pathway that connects left and right sides of the CNS is called
commissure
the sympathetic division arises from
____________ and it releases the neurotransmitter________
thoracic and lumbar spinal levels T1 t L2

NE
the Parasympathetic division arises from the _________ and it releases the neurotransmitter_______
cranial nerves and from sacral spinal levels S2 to S4

ACH
Frontal lobes extend back to _____
central suclus of Rolando
frontal lobes are separated from the temporal lobes by
deep sulcus the Sylian Fissure or Lateral Fissure
the 2 cerebral hemispheres are separated in the midline by the
interhemispheric fissure also known as longitudinal fissure
the corpus callosum is consisting of the
-rostrum
-genu
-body
-splenium
cingulate gyrus surrounds______
corpus callosum
the portion of the medial occipital lobe below the calcarine fissure is called ________
lingula
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX LIES IN_____and it controls_________
PRECENTRAL GYRUS and it controls movement of the opposite side of the body.
Primary somatosensory Cortex lies in the _________ and it is involved in the ____________
postcentral gyrus and it's involved in sensation for the opposite side of the body
precentral and postcentral gyrus are separated by the ________
central sulcus
Primary Visual Cortex is found in
the occipital lobes along the calcarine fissure
Primary auditory cortex lies is composed of the
transverse gyri of Heschl which lie inside the Sylvian fissure which takes care of higher order sensory and motor information processing
the majority of the cerebral cortex is composed of __________ which has ___________cell layers
neocrotex which has 6 cell layers
layer 4 receive majority of inputs from the thalamus
layer 5 projects mostly to subcortical structures-brainstem, BG, SC
layer 6 projects mostly to the thalamus
most important motor pathway in humans is the _______
corticospinal tract
majority of fibers in corticospinal tract cross over to control movement this crossing over is known as_________ and it takes place at__________
pyramidal decussation and it takes place at the spinal cord and medulla
lower motor neurons are located in the _________
in the anterior horns of the central gray matter or in brainstem motor nuclei
Lesions in the cerebellum lead to disorders in_____1___
Lesions in the Basal Ganglia lead to _____2_____
1-coordination and balance known as Ataxia
2- hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders