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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
function of Cerebellum
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regulation of muscle tone and guidance of motor activity.
Temporary disruption causes punch-drunk syndrome |
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location and function of superior olive
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Pons
through which auditory info is related from the ear to the brain |
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Lesion in the Dorsal and lateral regions of the hypothalamus result in
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disruption of water intake
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anterior and posterior sections of hypothalamus aid in the regulation of
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body temperature
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Lateral hypothalamus important for activation of the
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fight and flight reactions
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telencaphalon is comprised of
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cerebral hemispheres
which include the cerebral cortex, white matter and basal ganglia |
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diencephalon is composed of
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thalamus, hypothalamus and associated structures
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midbrain is composed of
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cerebral peduncles
midbrain tectum midbrain tegmentum |
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hindbrain is compirsed of
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a- metencephalon
-pons - cerebellum b- myelencephalon -medulla |
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CSF is formed
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mainly by vascular tufts within the ventricles called CHOROID PLEXUS
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unipolar neurons
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both axons and dendrites arise from a single process coming from the cell body
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synaptic input resulting to neuron excitation it produces --------
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a transient voltage change called action potential for 1 millisecond
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a- the myelin forming glial cells in CNS are called_________
b- the myelin forming glial cells in PNS are called _________ |
a- oligodendrocytes
b- Schwann cells |
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voltage gated ion channels are found in which parts of the axon?
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nodes of Ranvier
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Name three neurotransmitters whose location and main projections are in the CNS:
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1- Glutamate- neuron communication
2- GABA-inhibitory neurotransmission 3- Peptides-neuromodulation |
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serotonin is found in
1_______ and its action is 2______ |
1- midbrain and pons; raphe nuclei
2- neuromodulation |
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Dopamine is found in 1_________ and its action is 2_________
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1- midbrain: SN, pars compacta, and ventral tegmental area
2-neuromodulation |
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Norepinephrine is found in1______and its action is 2________
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1-sympathetic ganglia
2- neuromodulation |
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Acetycholine is found in 1_______ and its functions are 2_______
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1- spinal cord anterior horns; basal forebrain and autonomic pregangionic nuclei; parasympathetic ganglia
2- muscle contraction, autonomic and parasympathetic functions and neuromodulation |
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histamine is found in 1_______ and its functions are2_________
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1- hypothalamus: tuberomammillary nucleus; midbrain: reticular formation
2- excitatory neuromodulation |
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myelinated axons are called
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white matter
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areas made mostly of cell bodies are called 1_________
this is also found in large clusters of cells called __________ |
1gray matter, where most of the local synaptic communication occurs
----called nuclei eg basal ganglia, thalamus and cranial nerve nuclei |
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cerebral cortex is___________
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gray matter that covers the surface of cerebral hemispheres
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underneath the cerebral cortex lies the
1________ |
1- white matter which conveys signals to and from the cortex
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Gray matter is outside in 1_________ it is inside in 2________ and it both inside and outside in 3________
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1- cerebral hemispheres
2- spinal cord 3- brainstem |
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White matter pathways in CNS are also called:
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tract,
fascicle, lemniscus, bundle |
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white matter pathway that connects left and right sides of the CNS is called
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commissure
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the sympathetic division arises from
____________ and it releases the neurotransmitter________ |
thoracic and lumbar spinal levels T1 t L2
NE |
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the Parasympathetic division arises from the _________ and it releases the neurotransmitter_______
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cranial nerves and from sacral spinal levels S2 to S4
ACH |
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Frontal lobes extend back to _____
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central suclus of Rolando
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frontal lobes are separated from the temporal lobes by
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deep sulcus the Sylian Fissure or Lateral Fissure
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the 2 cerebral hemispheres are separated in the midline by the
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interhemispheric fissure also known as longitudinal fissure
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the corpus callosum is consisting of the
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-rostrum
-genu -body -splenium |
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cingulate gyrus surrounds______
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corpus callosum
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the portion of the medial occipital lobe below the calcarine fissure is called ________
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lingula
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PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX LIES IN_____and it controls_________
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PRECENTRAL GYRUS and it controls movement of the opposite side of the body.
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Primary somatosensory Cortex lies in the _________ and it is involved in the ____________
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postcentral gyrus and it's involved in sensation for the opposite side of the body
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precentral and postcentral gyrus are separated by the ________
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central sulcus
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Primary Visual Cortex is found in
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the occipital lobes along the calcarine fissure
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Primary auditory cortex lies is composed of the
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transverse gyri of Heschl which lie inside the Sylvian fissure which takes care of higher order sensory and motor information processing
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the majority of the cerebral cortex is composed of __________ which has ___________cell layers
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neocrotex which has 6 cell layers
layer 4 receive majority of inputs from the thalamus layer 5 projects mostly to subcortical structures-brainstem, BG, SC layer 6 projects mostly to the thalamus |
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most important motor pathway in humans is the _______
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corticospinal tract
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majority of fibers in corticospinal tract cross over to control movement this crossing over is known as_________ and it takes place at__________
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pyramidal decussation and it takes place at the spinal cord and medulla
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lower motor neurons are located in the _________
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in the anterior horns of the central gray matter or in brainstem motor nuclei
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Lesions in the cerebellum lead to disorders in_____1___
Lesions in the Basal Ganglia lead to _____2_____ |
1-coordination and balance known as Ataxia
2- hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders |