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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the etiological agent that causes Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosi?
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Sporothrix schenckii
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where is Sporothrix schenckii found in nature?
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soil or decaying vegetation
can be zoonotic (cats and armadillos) |
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How is a Sporothrix schenckii infection transmitted?
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Traumatic inoculation
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Where would your patient be most likely to have a traumatic accident that causes them to be infected with Sporothrix schenckii causing Lympho-cutaneous sporotrichosis?
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Warm climates
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Is Sporothrix schenckii dimorphic?
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YES
thermally dimorphic 25 C: narrow, hyaline, septate hyphae with oval conidia born or sterigmate or conidiophores 37C & in tissue: oval and elongated yeast cells 2-10 mircometers in diameter Pleomorphic |
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What is a virulence factor of Sporothrix schenckii?
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Thermally dimorphic
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A patient presents with Lymphatic nodules at a site of a previous injury. The nodules are painless an in a linear manner along lymphatic drainage path of primary lesion. Some of the nodules have started to ulcerate and become suppurative. What do you suspect you patient has?
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Sporothrix schenckii causing Lympho-cutaneous sporotrichosis
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You culture you patients nodules along the lymphatic drainage pattern. You suspect to find Sporothrix schenckii, what will the culture characteristics be?
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Infectious disease suspected: Lympho-cutaneous sporotrichosis
Culture infected pus or tissue: confirmation with thermally induced dimorphic transition upon subculture |
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How do you treat a patient with Lympho-cutaneous sporotrichosis infection caused by Sporothrix chenckii?
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oral Potassium Iodide
in developing countries: Itraconazole |
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What causes Chromoblastomycosis?
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Local weather specifics affect which agent causes the disease
1. Cladosporium 2. Fonsecaea 3. Exophiala 4. Phialophora 5. Cladophialophora |
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what is Chromoblastomycosis source?
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soil and on woody plants
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How is Chromoblastomycosis transmitted?
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in a warm, moist environment and absence of protective clothing and footwear
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What are the virulence factors associated with Chromblastomycosis?
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Dematiaceous septate molds: brown muriform cells with pigmented hyphae
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What is the clinical manifestation of a Chromoblastomycosis infection?
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Typically chronic, pruritic (itchy), progressive, and indolent (painful).
Eventually appears as multiple large cauliflower like growths, which are hyperkeratotic and involve fibrosis and lymphedema |
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What makes diagnosis difficult for Chromoblastomycosis?
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diagnosis is difficult due to disparate sporulation mechanisms when cultured
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what is seen microscopically with a Chromoblastomycosis infection?
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Brown, muriform cells in histo-pathological preparations
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why is treating a patient with a Chromoblastomycosis difficult?
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Treat with Itraconazole and terbinafine
It is difficult because the infection is well established before patient presents |
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what infectious disease is caused by Cladosporium, Fonsecaea, Exophiala, Phialophora, and Cladophialophora based on the local weather?
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Chromoblastomycosis
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What is the etiological agent that causes Eumycotic mycetoma?
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Acremonium
Fusarium Madurella Exophiala Scedosporium |
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Is a Eumycotic mycetoma infection contagious?
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NO
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How is a Eumycotic mycetoma infection transmitted?
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Percutaneous inoculation of foot and hand
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Where can the fungi that cause Eumycotic mycetoma infections be found?
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Tropics with low rainfall
Acremonium, Fusarium, Madurella, Exophiala, Scedosporium |
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What are the virulence factors associated with a Eumycotic mycetoma infection?
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multiple granulomas and abscesses containing large aggregates of septate hyphae having thickened cell walls and hard extracellular matrix material : Chlamydoconidia
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What is the clinical manifestation of a Eumycotic mycetoma infection?
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Small, painless nodules or plaques.
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis ensues with serosanguineous fluid drainage through the skin. Localized destruction of bone and muscle |
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What is the diagnosis of EUmycotic mycetoma infection based on?
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diagnosis is based on microscopic visualization of granules with hyphae in tissue
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What is the most likely outcome for a patient with Eumycotic mycetoma infection?
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Amputation usually necessary
there is NO good chemotherapy although it may slow the disease |
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what is the etiological agent responsible for Subcutaneous zygomycosis?
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Conidiobolus coronatus
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where is Conidiobolus coronatus found in nature?
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Saprophytic organism found primarily in plant debris
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How is Subcutaneous zygomycosis transmitted?
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inhalation of spores which then infect the nasal cavity, sinus, and facial tissues of adults
(Conidiobolus coronatus) |
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where are Conidiobolus coronatus that cause subcutaneous zygomycosis found?
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Tropical environments of Africa an India
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how is a subcutaneous zygomycosis infection treated?
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Saturated with potassium iodide or itraconazole
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what is the clinical manisfestation of Subcutaneous zygomycosis infection caused by Conidiobolus coronatus?
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swelling of upper lip and face
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what do the hyphae appear as in a Conidiobolus cononatus infection causing subcutaneous zygomycosis?
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hyphae are sparsely septate and thin walled
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how do you diagnose a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus?
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diagnosis is dependent on biopsy of affected tissues and demonstration of eosinophils and hyphae surrounded by SplendoreHoeppli material
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what is the clinical presentation of a Basidiobolus ranarum infection?
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moveable rubbery masses form which may eventually expand in the trunk, hips, and thighs
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how is Basidiobolus ranarum transmitted?
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traumatic inoculation of thighs, buttocks, or trunk in children
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what causes subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
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over 20 different organisms
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where do the organisms live that transmit subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
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saprophytic soil, wood, and decaying vegetation
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what are the virulence factors of the 20 different organisms that cause subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
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dematiaceous yeasts and septate hyphae
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what is the clinical presentation of a patient who has subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
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solitary localized inflammatory cyst on the feet and legs
Also may involve indurated pigmented plaques |
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how is subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis diagnosed in the lab?
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diagnosis based on histopathological examination of cysts to observe inflammation and fibrous capsule, granulomatous reaction, and central necrosis
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what is the treatment for a patient with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
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surgical excision of cyst and intraconazole for plaque like lesions
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