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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rheumatoid Arthritis associated with increased or decreased bone density?
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Decreased
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Types of Modic Changes
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Type 1: Fibrovascular
Type 2: Fatty Type 3: Sclerotic |
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Hemi-Hypertrophy associated with Increased Risk of what cancer?
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Wilms
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Caudal Regression Sign in fetal ultrasound?
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"Budda sign" - crossed leg tailor
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Classic findings of a spinal ependyoma?
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Well circumscribed intrathecal mass with caudal cyst and hemorrhage.
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Association to choanal atresia?
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CHARGE Syndrome (a nonrandom association of Coloboma, Heart anomalies, Atresia of choana, Retarded growth and development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies),
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How to differential PML for HIV encephalitis?
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HIV encephalitis spares the cortical U fibers.
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Ligament of Wrisberg runs?
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Posterior to the ACL
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Preferred imaging in suprahyoid neck imaging?
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MR with contrast
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Bladder Flap Hematoma common in what procedure?
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Transverse hysterectomy.
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What separates the sublingual from the submandibular space?
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The mylohyoid muscle. Superiomedial = sublingual
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Anterior medullary vellum forms what?
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The roof of the 4th ventricle.
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Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors? Associations
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NF1
Very large and heterogeneous |
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What exits the stylomastoid foramen?
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Facial Nerve
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Findings of biloma status post liver transplant?
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Likely due to hepatic ARTERY thrombosis which leads to necrosis of the bile ducts.
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Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma refers to.....
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A cholangiocarcinoma that arises in a bile duct in the liver.
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Scimitar Syndrome
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Scimitar syndrome refers to congenital hypoplasia of the right lung and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava (IVC).
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Swyer James Syndrome
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There is volume loss of the affected lung, without presence of a vertical vein associated with this condition (unlike Scimitar Syndrome)
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Cause of diffuse sclerosis with heterogenous texture in a non renal patient?
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Mastocytosis
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Hallmark prenatal US anamoly for Trisomy 13
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Holoprosencephaly
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Is atypical ductal hyperplasia a high risk lesion.
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Yes. Occurs in the terminal ductal unit.
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Appropriate indications for TIPS.
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acute variceal bleeding, high risk for recurrent variceal bleeding, refractory ascites, hepatic hydrothorax, and Budd-Chiari syndrome.
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Who gets a para ovarian cyst?
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Non neoplastic lesion in women of child bearing age who have had abdominal or pelvic surgery.
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Meschymal Hamartomas appear solid or cystic?
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Cystic
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Marker for CSF?
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Beta 2 transferrin
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Which transposition L or D presents with cyanosis?
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D = death
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Heterotaxia....what two organs are you looking for to be on the same side or opposite?
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Apex and stomach.
hetertoaxy diagnosed when apex and stomach on opposite sides. |
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Ultrasound finding that is associated with intrauterine growth restriction?
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Oligohydraminos
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Body Stalk Analomy
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lethal malformation; abdominal wall viscera is adherent to the placenta.
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Echogenic intracardiac focus in a FETAL US corresponds to what increased risk of what condition?
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Trisomy 21
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Two differentials for diskitis without positive blood cultures and indolent course....usually also an immigrant?
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TB and Brucellosis
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What is Bland-White Garland Syndrome?
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The left coronary artery arising from the PA.
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What type of intracranial malignancy does tuberous sclerosis get?
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Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas
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Adenomatoid tumor is....
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Extratesticular mass associated with the epididymal head. Solid tumor.
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Stage of cystercercosis with a scolex?
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Vesicular
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Association of sphenoid dysplasia?
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NF1
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What is a subdural hygroma?
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Accumulation of CSF fluid in the subdural space. Can follow trauma.
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Association of positive ulnar variance?
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Tear of the TFCC
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What is the added value of the transient ischemic dilation (TID) ratio?
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Allows identification of severe or multivessel disease
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Decrease activity on PET in Lewy Body Disease?
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Occipital lobes
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Stage T3 Bladder Carcinoma involves what?
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Invasion of the peri-vesicular fat without invasion of other pelvic structures which would constitute stage T4.
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Infection to consider in IUDs?
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Actinomycosis - presents as a cystic pelvic mass.
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What is scimitar syndrome?
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hypoplastic right lung in combination with anomalous right pulmonary venous return to the IVC
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Common location of a central neurocytoma?
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lateral vertricles
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Ebsteins anomaly?
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massive cardiomegaly and cyanosis early in live due to tricuspid insufficiency.
Seen in mothers taking lithium. |
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Singh index
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assess the pattern of resorption of compression and tensile trabeculae is the osteoportic femur.
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"White knight" nodules?
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Hyperechoic regenerative nodules in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Location for Giant cell tumor?
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Sacrum
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What is an Askin Tumor?
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Askin tumors are large extrapulmonary mass in an adolescent or young adult.
If the mass originates from the chest wall or pleura and may fill the entire hemithorax. |
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Normal fetal cardiac axis?
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45 degrees
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ASD in the middle. Type of defect?
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Ostium secundum type
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Finding in ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome suggesting severe disease?
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Pleural effusions
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Vascular ring fact
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It is the only congenital vascular anomaly where an artery courses between the trachea and esophagus
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Additional view for pelvic x rays to view the SI joints?
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Ferguson
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Classic triad of Klippel-Fiel?
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Short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited cervical motion.
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Radial ray malformation assoication?
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Trisomy 18
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Classic lesion in the conus/filum/cauda equina?
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Myxopapillary ependymoma of the spinal cord
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Cyst presenting in the pituitary region/suprasellar region?
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Rathke cleft cyst
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Calcification associated with testicular tumor?
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Burned out seminoma.
Mets are often very bulky in the pelvis. |
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Associations to coarctation?
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Bicuspid aortic valve, VSD, ASD, mitral valve pathology.
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Malignancy in the head most commonly spreading perineural?
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma
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What location of the facial nerve has normal enhancement?
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geniculate and typanic segments
should not see enhancement in the fundal and labrinthine segments |
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What is a tillaux fracture?
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saggital fracture plane through the epiphysis and transverse plane through anterlolateral physis
Salter Harris Type III Lacks coronal component like a triplanar fracture |
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Diagnosis to think of with bilateral olecranon bursitis?
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Gout
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What is metachronus cancer?
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2 or more separate lung cancers separted by time without systemic mets.
Synchronous is at the same time. |
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Type of ductal carcinoma with highest rate of recurrence?
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Micropapillary
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What is a Madelung deformity?
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Abnormal carpal angle with premature closure of the distal radial epiphysis with tethering of carpus to radius.
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Associations to basilar invagination
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OI or anything that leads to brittle bones.
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Only vascular ring that courses between the trachea and esophagus?
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Pulmonary sling
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Features of a ganglioglimoa?
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temporal lobe with long standing seizures
cortical location cystic with mural enhancing nodule |
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Brachial plexus exists
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between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
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Association with polydactyly
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Trisomy 13
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Association with Clinodactyly
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Trisomy 21
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Association with clenched hand and overlapping fingers
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Trisomy 18
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Causes of intestinal angioedema?
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ACE Inhibitors
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Most common lethal skeletal dysplasia?
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Thanatophoric dysplasia
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Disease with short ribs with narrowing of the rib along the costovertebral junction "oar rib"
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Mucopolysaccharidoses
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What is uterine didelphys?
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Complete duplication of the uterine horns AND cervices.
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Diagnosis with synchronous tumors in the pineal and suprasellar cistern?
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Germinoma
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Associations with Caroli Disease?
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PCKD
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Common location for plasmacytoma?
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Pelvis, Iliac
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Isolated fetal ascites associated with?
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CMV
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What is in the carpal tunnel?
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flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor carpi radialis tendons.
ouitside of the sheath -Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon |
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When to consider pneumocystis pneumonia?
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Immonsuppressive with diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities
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Primary tumors associated with carcinomatosis
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Colon, Stomach, Ovarian
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Malignant course of RCA
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arises from the left coronary cusp and courses interarterial between the aortic root and pulmonic outflow tract, it is considered a potentially malignant course.
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Weigert Meyer Rule
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Upper pole obstructs, lower pole refluxes
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What is the majority of Meckel's cave?
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CSF
contains the trigeminal nerve |
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Meigs Sydnrome
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Meigs syndrome is characterized by the presence of ascites and a pleural effusion in the setting of a benign ovarian neoplasm.
Usually ovarian fibromas |
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Causes of medullary sponge kidney?
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Hyperparathyroidism
RTA Medullary Sponge Kidney Papillary Sponge Kidney Lasix in Infancy |
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Malacoplakia
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Inflammatory condition affecting the bladder. Composed of yellow brown plaques that contain michaelis-Gutmann bodies.
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Highly vascular structure splaying the carotid vessels at bifrucation?
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Carotid body tumor - paragaglioma
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Difference between version and flexion regarding the uterus?
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version = angle between cervix and vagina
flexion = angle between uterine body and cervix |
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Half life of fluoride F18?
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109 hours
SAME AS FDG same radiotracer!!!!! |
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What is and is not associated with PRES?
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Associated with chemo, severe infection, eclampsia.
Not associated with hypoglycemia. |
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What is pseudocoarctation?
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elongated and kinked aorta.
Coarctation associated with bicuspid aortic valves. |
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Should echinococcal cysts be aspirated?
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NO!!!! risk of anaphylaxis
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Benign mixed tumor AKA?
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pleomorphic adenoma. 80% of all parotid tumors. Found in the deep lobes of the parotid gland.
tumor deep in the parotid extending medially |
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What type of diverticula occur with motility disorders?
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pulsion diverticula
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Mucoceles likely to invade the cranium through which sinus?
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Sphenoid
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Cribiform plate belongs to what bone?
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Ethmoid bone
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Association with pyrophosphate arthropathy....look for what in bone?
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Subchondral cysts and geodes. Always look for calcification in the cartilage.
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Findings in pars flaccida cholesteatoma?
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erosions of the scutum and occisles; soft tissue mass in the superolateral middle ear; extends into Prussacks space
Pars tensa does not erode the scutum |
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How does testicular cancer nodally spread on the right and left?
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Right = paracaval/precaval
Left = paraortic/preaortic |
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What are the branches of a dominant right coronary system?
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posterior descending (PDA) - inferior interventriclar grove
posterior left ventricular (PVL) - inferolateral portion of the left ventricle |
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Location of articular facets of the lumbar spine?
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Anterior facet is from the level below.
Posterior facet is from the level above and corresponds to the spinous process. |
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Moire type artifact?
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CR systems. If the grid is used with low frequency and grid oriented parallel to the plate reader.
How to avoid = higher grid frequency and read perpendicular to the plate. |
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Breast Nodules on US are compared to what?
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Fat NOT glandular tissue
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Location of most dermal calcification on mammography?
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Parasternal and inframammary fold
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Classification of breast density?
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Category 1 - almost entirely fatty
2 - scattered fibroglandular 3 - heterogeneously dense 4 - extremely dense |
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Who accrediates the BIRADS?
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ACR = American College of Radiology
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Reversible ischemia in the septum with a patient with a LBBB?
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Artifactual due to the LBBB. Due to high heart rate.
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Myxoid liposarcoma likely to metastasize to where?
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Soft tissue
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What component of the facial nerve never enhances?
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CP angle portion does not enhance;
When Bells + intrenal auditory, labyrinthine tympanic and mastoid portions. |
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Pyriform aperture stenosis?
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soft tissue obscuring the nares. Less than 11mm in diameter.
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Left dominant coronary system
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Inferior heart and septum supplied by the circumflex.
90% of the population has a right dominant system. |
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What sequences can GRE NOT produce?
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T2
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Findings of hemochromatosis in the liver?
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decreased T1 signal due to iron deposition
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Features of mucinous cystic pancreatic tumor?
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Large cystic spaces in the tail/body with peripheral calcifications. Middle age ladies.
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Most common location of a parosteal osteosarcoma?
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Distal femus; proximal tibia 2nd location; surface lesion
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Negative ulnar variance?
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Lunate osteonecrosis. Ulna supports wrist by 15%. AKA as Kienbocks disease.
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Bounts disease?
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medial metaphyseal fragmentation
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Lipoma arborescens?
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Fat present within the bursa. Will be T1 bright.
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Grading system used for AVMs?
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Spetzler-Martin
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Draping of the pulmonary artery over the aorta?
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Transposition of the great vessels = arterial switch procedure.
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Gallbladder polyps are considered benign under what size?
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5mm; > 10mm warrant further followup
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Features of desquamative interstitial pneumonia?
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small cystic spaces; associated with smokers so upper lobe predominance
On the severe end of the smoking specturm |
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What does subclavian steal look like on US Doppler imaging?
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reversal of flow in the left vert
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Difference between Zenkers and Killian Jamieson?
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Zenkers = posterior
Killian = inferiorly and laterally |
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Most common primary anterior mass in the superior mediastium in patients > 40 y/o
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Thymoma
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Perivascular spaces are lined by?
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invaginated pia
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Findings in hepatic encephalopathy?
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Hyperintensity in the basal ganglia on T1, predominately in the globus palladi; pituitary can occassionaly be T1 bright
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Earliest radiographic finding of osteomyelitis?
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Soft tissue edema
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Isolated infarct of the head of the caduate nucleus?
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Artery of Huebner
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Halo sign in a lung nodule?
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Likely angioinvasive aspergillosis
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Radiopharm with highest sensitivity to lymphoma?
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T1-201 thallous chloride
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Caroli disease associated with?
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PCKD!!!!
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Which inflammatory bowel disease has perianal fissures that may need to be evaluated with MR?
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Crohns
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Lateral meningoceles associated with?
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NF1 and associated scolosis
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Where do synovial sarcomas metastasize to?
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The lungs (94%)
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Horseshoe enhancement in the brain?
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Classic for demyelinating disease.
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Ewing's is extremely rare in what population?
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African Americans
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Ameloblastoma
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Most common odotogenic tumor "bubbly lesion"
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What happens to water molecules placed in a MR scanner?
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weakly repulsed
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Dysgerminomas
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identical to seminoma; large solid pelvic masses
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What is cystits cystica?
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Chronic inflammatory condition; multiple polypoid cystic lesions; male predominance
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Association with desmoid tumors?
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Gardners syndrome. Benign
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Central Neurocytoma located where?
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lateral ventricle attached to the septum pellucidum
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What is Paget Scrotter Dz
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Chronic venous thrombotic condition due to rib, etc. seen in teenager
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Enlargement of the vestibular aquaduct?
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> 1.5mm
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Fahr disease
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inherited disorder of intracranial calcifications (mainly globus pallidus)
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