Stuff You Don't Know For The Test

Front 1

How does primary growth occur?

Back 1

The apical meristem makes cells get larger and they push out through the soil

Front 2

Secondary growth is only in...

Back 2

Woody plants.

Front 3

Cambians in secondary growth

Back 3

Cork and vascular

Front 4

3 tissue types

Back 4

Ground, vascular, dermal

Front 5

Dermal tissue provides

Back 5

Protection and h20 control

Front 6

Vascular tissue

Back 6

Moves water

Front 7

Ground tissue

Back 7

Controls metabolism, photosynthesis, support, and storage

Front 8

Stem cells (meristem)

Back 8

Start out undefined then can turn into one of the three cells

Front 9

Xylem cells

Back 9

Tracheids and vessel elements (both dead)

Front 10

Phloem cells

Back 10

Companion cells and sieve tube elements (both alive)

Front 11

Sieve tubes don't have.... but are...

Back 11

A nucleus etc. Has a membrane and cytosol. But are still alive

Front 12

Dermal cells

Back 12

Guard cells and root hairs

Front 13

The apical meristem can form into...

Back 13

The procambium

the ground meristem or

the ProtoDerm

Front 14

The procambium turns into...

Back 14

Vascular tissue

Front 15

The ground meristem turns into

Back 15

Ground tissue

Front 16

The porotoderm turns into

Back 16

Dermal tissue

Front 17

The leaf primordium is in

Back 17

Primary shoot growth

Front 18

Water potential

Back 18

Potential energy of H2O per unit area compared to Pure H2O

Front 19

ψs

Back 19

Solute potential

Front 20

ψp

Back 20

Pressure potential

Front 21

ψs drops when

Back 21

The amount of solute increases

Front 22

ψp increases when

Back 22

Water rushes in and puts pressure on their cell walls

Front 23

Water moves through the root hair to the root through

Back 23

Osmosis

Front 24

When transpiration occurs when water is evaporated from the leaf pulling up water molecules behind it it is creating a ...within the plant

Back 24

Suction

Front 25

Water moves into the roots because of the

Back 25

High concentration of solutes

Front 26

The pericycle

Back 26

Is the outermost layer of vascular tissue is where the root branches come from so It can connect directly to the vascular system

Front 27

You track the season counting the Rings in the

Back 27

Xylem

Front 28

Summer growth

Back 28

Smaller compact cells they're darker

Front 29

Fall and winter growth

Back 29

Looks like hardened lines due to little growth

Front 30

Spring growth

Back 30

Large cells light

Front 31

Translocation

Back 31

Whatever the phloem is moving

Front 32

Ways plants avoid ice within the cells (4)

Back 32

1) insulation from bark

2) pull water out if cells

3)produce things like oil,amino acids to keep water from freezing

4) antifreeze (reforms the ice so the ice isn't sharp and won't cut the cell

Front 33

In the companion cells the charge of the gradient inside and out is ...

Back 33

Inside negative

Outside positive

Front 34

Sucrose hydrogen transporter in companion cells direction is determined by

Back 34

Whichever gradient is higher

Front 35

Phloem is the only one with

Back 35

Turgor pressure

Front 36

Vessel elements vs sieve tubes

Back 36

Vessel elements are wider/shorter move less water but provide less support

Front 37

What keeps the sieve tubes alive

Back 37

The companion cells holds all the machinery for the sieve tubes

Front 38

Sugar cane

Back 38

Perennial grass

The product of this plant (salvia) and bacteria lead to tooth decay

Front 39

Solute potential is never at play in

Back 39

Transpiration -cohesion

Front 40

Primary growth increases the length of the roots and shoots through the

the length of the roots and shoots

Back 40

Apical meristem

Front 41

...provides almost all of the cells in the primary plant body

Back 41

Primary growth/apical meristem

Front 42

The force of the primary root system to move through the soil is provide through the...

Back 42

Zone of elongation

Front 43

Endodermis

Back 43

Inner most layer of the ground dermal tissue

Front 44

The cortex is...

Back 44

Ground tissue

Front 45

Root hairs form out of the...

Back 45

Epidermis

Front 46

Root branches form to

Back 46

Take advantage of an area without roots

Front 47

Pith is only in the roots of...

Back 47

Monocots

Front 48

Secondary growth occurs from

Back 48

The lateral meristem/cambium

Front 49

Secondary growth increases the...

Back 49

Width of the roots and shoots and the amount of conducting tissue and to provide structural support

Front 50

The vascular cambium is located

Back 50

Between the xylem and the phloem in the stem.

Front 51

Vascular cambium forms

Back 51

Secondary xylem and phloem

Front 52

Cork cambium located

Back 52

At the perimeter of the stem

Front 53

The cork cambium produces

Back 53

Cork cells that protects the woody stem as it increases the girth

Front 54

Does secondary growth occur in all eudicots?

Back 54

No but it only occurs in eudicots. Tomato plants are eudicots but they don't do secondary growth

Front 55

Lenticels

Back 55

Basically stomata that are open all the time

Front 56

Cocao tree

Back 56

In Latin it means food of the Gods

Aphrodisiac

Front 57

Hierarchy of plant body

Back 57

Cells-tissues-organs

Front 58

Absorption occurs mainly near the tips at the

Back 58

Root hairs

Front 59

3 plant organs

Back 59

Roots/stems/leaves

Front 60

Phyllotaxy

Back 60

How the leaves are arranged on a stem (maximizes sun capture)

Front 61

Covers the surface of the leaves and the entire plant

Back 61

Epidermis

Front 62

Stele

Back 62

The xylem and phloem together

Front 63

Pith

Back 63

Ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

Front 64

Cortex

Back 64

Ground tissue external to vascular tissue

Front 65

Cellulose

Back 65

The most abundant organic polymer on Earth

Front 66

Sclerenchyma cells

Back 66

Fibers and sclerids

Front 67

Tracheids

Back 67

Long thin cells strong (lignin in cell wall)

Front 68

Arabidopsis thaliana

Back 68

First plant genome to be sequenced

Completes entire life cycle in 6 weeks

Front 69

In transpiration the...for it to happen

Back 69

Stomata must be open

Air surrounding the leaves is drier than air on the inside of the leaves

Front 70

Transpiration is driven by the...

Back 70

Difference in the potential energy of water

Front 71

Solute potential is always

Back 71

Negative

Front 72

When a plant cell is hypertonic

Back 72

The chloroplasts are in the middle

Front 73

When the plant cell is hypotonic the

Back 73

Chloroplasts are against the wall

Front 74

Diffusion and osmosis is good for

Back 74

Movent over short distances but too slow for long distances

Front 75

Wilted plants are

Back 75

Flaccid due to cell pressure

Front 76

Bulk flow

Back 76

Movement of a fluid driven by pressure and difference in water potential

Front 77

Guttation

Back 77

Result of positive pressure pushing up water

Front 78

Hypothesis of upward pressure

Back 78

Water flows into xylem from root cortex generates positive pressure that forces fluid up xylem

Front 79

Capillary action hypothesis

Back 79

Movement of water up a narrow tube depending on diameter (can move up less than a meter this way)

Front 80

Hypothesis transpiration/cohesion/ tension

Back 80

Sticks water together in an unbroken column

Front 81

Outside air is more....than the water potential in the tree

Back 81

Negative

Front 82

Transpiration does not occur across

Back 82

Plasma membrane

Front 83

In transpiration there is a ... pressure on the walls ....in

Back 83

Negative pressure pulling in

Front 84

Plant growth throughout life

Back 84

Indeterminate

Front 85

Do all plants have the same genes?

Back 85

Yes, different patterns of gene expression between cells cause cellular differentiation that created the different cell types

Front 86

When an epidermal cell touches only a single cortical cell...

Back 86

Glabra gene expressed so no root hair will form

Front 87

Stomata only take up a small amount of the leaf surface

Back 87

Facts

Front 88

The phloem sap contains

Back 88

Sucrose/amino acids/ hormones

Front 89

Mechanism for translocation

Back 89

Bulk flow

Front 90

Roots in the summer (sink/source)

Back 90

Sink, leaves

Front 91

Roots in the spring (sink/source)

Back 91

Source

Front 92

Plasmodesmata can change in permeability in response to...

Back 92

Turgor pressure, cellular calcium level, ph

Front 93

Plant viruses cause plasmodesmata to

Back 93

Dilate

Front 94

Plasmodesmata are constantly changing structures

Back 94

Yes

Front 95

Changes in communication within the....of plasmodesmata can lead to changes in development

Back 95

Symplast

Front 96

Phloem moves hella ****

Back 96

Inter-cell communication

Front 97

Order of material flow in phloem

Back 97

Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis, sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf, solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes, water diffuses into the sieve tubes, sugar moves down the stem

Front 98

Periderm

Back 98

Forms from cortex and includes cork and cork cambium