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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list 3 classes of joints
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synarthrosis joint classes & ex's?
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amphithrosis joint classes & ex's?
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diarthrosis/synovial joint classes, # axes & ex's?
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define lever
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list 3 classes of levers; give mechanical & muscular ex's
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define mechanical advantage & explain its use in a musculoskeletal function
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identify 3 components of a lever
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identify collagen arrangement in 3 zones of cartilage
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most abundant protein in body?
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types of cartilage? thicker, thinner? found where?
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define chondrocytes?
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what's in extracell matrix outside of chondrocytes?
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what's molecular structure of collagen?
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what's articular cart?
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what's hyaline cart?
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3 zones of cartilage?
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describe collagen arrangement and type in 3 zones of cart
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what are the 2 functions of art. cart.?
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what is stress?
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what's friction?
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how much blood supply do ligaments & tendons have?
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how much blood supply does cartilage have?
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what's 3 functions of ligaments?
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define acl; purpose?
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define pcl; purpose?
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2 examples of false ligaments?
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purpose of suprascapular ligament>
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3 am acids found in collagen?
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function of tendons?
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what are 3 part of extracell matrix in art cart?
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ecm of art cart: define collagen
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ecm of art cart: define proteoglycan
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ecm of art cart: % of water
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what are 2 components of art cart?
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what are proteoglycans?
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name 3 simpler components that lead up to aggrecan
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what are 2 parts of proteoglycans?
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proteoglyc: what are the 2 types of sulfated disacch units?
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what does aggrecan look like?
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what are 3 components of aggrecan?
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what is hyaluronan?
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what are 2 examples of GAG?
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what are the GAG ratios for children, adult, eldery?
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ecm of art cart: what's 2 purposes of water?
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tendons v ligaments: direction of fibered tissue?
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tendons v ligaments: composition of water and solids?
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tendons v ligaments: how are tendons different that ligaments?
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why are tendons stronger than ligaments?
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for certain extremity ligaments, what's missing? give example
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2 functions of interv disc?
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what are 2 components of invert disc?
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nucleus pulposus: water content? young to elderly?
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nucleus pulposus: type of collagen? why that type?
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nucleus pulposus: characteristic of proteoglycans?
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annulus fibrosus: water content? younger to older?
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annulus fibrosus: collagen type? why?
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annulus fibrosus: characteristic of proteoglycans?
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annulus fibrosus: how many layers of ____?
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annulus fibrosus: what # of degrees to what layers? why?
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list 3 types of connective tiss of muscle from outermost to innermost?
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define epimysium?
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define fasciculus(i)
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define perimysiusm
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define endomysium
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define sarcomere
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draw sacromere's components
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thick myofilaments: what's the contractile protein & 2 properties of protein?
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thin myofilaments: what are the 3 contractile proteins?
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list main properties/functions of 3 contractile proteins in thin microfilaments? (draw the sequence)
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identify the 4 changes in the sarcomere from "relaxed" to contracted? (draw it)
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what is sarco retic? function?
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what is sarcolemma? function?
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what is dihydropyridine? when changes position?
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define terminal cisternae?
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define transverse tubules?
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what's motor unit?
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list squence of events during excit-contract coupling
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discuss slow/fast fwitch muscle fibers
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list 3 twitch types & their characteristics
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define hypertension
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define hypotension
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define bradycardia
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define tachycardia
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discuss blood flow to the heart
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discuss coronary circulation
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identify major branches of L&R coronary arteries & their functions
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describe the struct of a coronary artery; ID the 3 layers & functions
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describe movement of Na+ Ca+2 K+ that produce cardiac pacemaker
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list sequence of conduction thru heart
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what's the rate of blood flo to heart at rest?
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formula for cardiac output, normal rate
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define stroke volume
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define systole
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define diastole
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% of cardiac output to heart, show formula
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during intense exercis, what's factor of increase of blood flow to heart?
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which phase where heart receives most of its blood supply?
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3 reasons why heart receives most of its blood supply?
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coronary circ: 2 branches of LCA?
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coronary circ: what does AIA (ADA) supply?
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coronary circ: what does circumflex artery supply? on posterior side?
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coronary circ: LMA supplies?
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coronary circ: RCA supplies?
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coronary circ: RMA supplies?
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coronary circ: PDA supplies?
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define anastomosis? gives rise to?
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tunica intima is where in the layers of coronary artery? composed of what 2 tissues?
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3 functions of endothelium
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tunica media: position of layer, composed of
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3 main layers of coronary artery?
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tunica adventitia: position, composition, 2 functions
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5 factors for endothelial dysfunction
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trace conduction system of heart
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identify roles of na+ ca+2 k+ in generating cardiac action potential
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explain different waves in a typical ekg
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define cardiac output
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define end-diastolic volume
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define end-systolic volume
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define ejection fraction
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4 tracts of SAN node?
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conduction velocity thru atrium
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conduction velocity of AV node
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conduction veloctity from HIS bundle through bundle branches to purkinje ffibers?
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cardiac pacemaker rates for 4 regions?
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what do na k ca pumps require? % of total energy used by body?
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besides neuromusc junction, what does ca+2 from cells also do?
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define p-wave
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define qrs complex
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define t-wave
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draw normal ekg wave
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draw hypercalcemia wave
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draw hypocalcemia wave
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longterm exercise does what to SV and heart rate?
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normal range for heart rate, elite marathon runners, lance armstrong?
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describe cardiovascular response to bleeding
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id main muscles of quiet inspiration/expiration & their actions
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id selected accessory muscles of forced inspiration/expiration & their actions
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explain lung volume & pressure changes that account for inspiratoin/expiration (boyle's law)
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id functions of 2 respiratory groups in the medulla and 1 respiratory center in the pons
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explain functions of central chemorecptors, peripheral chemoreceptors, & stretch receptors in regulating ventilation
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