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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The structure of the human body is divided into four categories: |
Cells, tissues, organs, systems |
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Cell |
The cell is the basic unit of all living things |
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Tissues |
Tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific task |
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Cell membrane |
Forms the boundary of the cell |
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Cytoplasm |
Makes up the body of the cell |
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Nucleus |
The small, round structure in the center of the cell. |
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Chromosome |
Located in the center of the cell, they contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics. |
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Muscle tissue |
Produces movement |
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Nerve tissue |
Conducts impulses to and from the brain. |
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Connective tissue |
Connects and supports various body structures: adipose(fat) and osseous (bone) |
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Epithelial tissue |
Found in the skin, and lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts and other body system. |
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Organs |
Are two or more kinds of tissues, together performing special functions. |
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Systems |
Systems are groups of organs working together to perform complex function. |
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Cell membrane |
Surrounds and protects the individual cell |
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Nucleus |
Small, round structure within the cell containing chromosomes and nucleoplasm |
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Chromosome |
Linear strand made of DNA carrying genetic information |
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Cytology |
Study of cells including their frmat, structure and function of cells |
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RNA (ribonucleic acid) |
Contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis |
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Gene |
Pacific segment of base pairs of chromosomes function unit of heredity |
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Mitosis |
Cells divide and multiply to form two cells |
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Five body cavities |
Cranial cavity, spinal cavity, The Rustic or chest cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity |
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Cranial cavity |
The space inside the skull, or Cranium, containing the brain |
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Spinal cavity |
The space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
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Thoracic, or chest, cavity |
Space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus |
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Abdominal cavity |
The space containing the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines, kidney's, liver, bladder, stinker is, spleen, and ureters |
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Pelvic cavity |
Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum |
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Membranes |
Line the internal spaces of organs and tubes opening to the outside, and also lining body cavities. |
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5 types of membranes |
Mucous membranes, serous membranes, synovial membranes, meninges, and the cutaneous membrane |
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Mucous membrane |
These line the interior walls of the organs and tubes opening to the outside of the body, such as those of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system. |
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Serous membranes |
These line cavities, including the thoracic cavity and internal organs. |
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Synovial membranes |
These line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue |
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Meninges |
Composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord |
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Cutaneous membrane |
This membrane forms the outer covering of the body and consists of a thin outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue. (Skin) |
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Connective tissue |
Support and connect tissue of the body |
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Connective tissue four General groups |
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood. |
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Largest organ system in the body three structures |
Skin, hair, nails |
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Skin, hair, nails have what function |
Protection from injury, fluid loss, and microorganisms. Temperature regulation. Fluid balance. Sunsation. |
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Two layers that make up the skin |
Dermis and the epidermis |
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Epidermis |
Composed of four to five layers called stratum. The stratum lucidum layer is normally found only on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet |
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Stratum corneum |
Also called The Horny layer, outermost layer |
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Stratum lucidum( Palms and soles) |
Clear layer |
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Stratum granulosum |
Granular layer of cells. It contains two types of granules, keratohyaline granules and lamellated granules |
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Stratum spinosum |
Composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection |
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Stratum Basale |
Jeepers of the five epidermis layers, made of basale cells |
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Dermis |
Located deeper, just under the epidermis it has two strata: stratum papillare, stratum reticular |
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Stratum papillare |
Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis |
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Stratum reticular |
Thick layer of dens, irregular connective tissue |
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Cutaneous |
Pertaining to the skin |
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Dermatology |
The study of skin |
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Dermatologist |
Physician specializing in diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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Decubitus |
Pressure ulcer/bedsore |
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Ecchymosis |
Condition in which blood seeps into the skin, causing discoloration |
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Hypodermic |
Pertaining to under the skin |
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Intradermal |
Pertaining to within the skin |
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Jaundice |
Yellowness of the skin |
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Melanin |
Pigment giving color to the skin |
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Melanoma |
Pigmented malignant tumor of the skin, the most dangerous form of skin cancer |
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Pediculosis |
Infestation with lice |
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Subcutaneous |
Pertaining to below the skin |
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Tinea |
Ringworm |
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Two structures of hair |
Follicle and shaft |
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Six parts of nail |
Root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium, perionychium, hyponychium |
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Alopecia |
Loss of hair |
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Follicles |
Specialized structures required for hair growth |
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Hair follicles |
Sac holding the root of hair fibers |
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Hair papilla |
Knoblike indentation at bottom of hair follicle containing the blood supply to hair root |
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Lunula |
Little Moon area of nail |
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Nail body |
Visible part of nail |
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Nail bed |
Skin below the nail, epidermis, and dermis |
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Onychitis |
Inflammation of nail Matrix |