Structure Of The Human Body

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The structure of the human body is divided into four categories:

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Cells, tissues, organs, systems

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Cell

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The cell is the basic unit of all living things

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Tissues

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Tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific task

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Cell membrane

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Forms the boundary of the cell

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Cytoplasm

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Makes up the body of the cell

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Nucleus

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The small, round structure in the center of the cell.

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Chromosome

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Located in the center of the cell, they contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

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Muscle tissue

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Produces movement

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Nerve tissue

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Conducts impulses to and from the brain.

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Connective tissue

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Connects and supports various body structures: adipose(fat) and osseous (bone)

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Epithelial tissue

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Found in the skin, and lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts and other body system.

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Organs

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Are two or more kinds of tissues, together performing special functions.

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Systems

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Systems are groups of organs working together to perform complex function.

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Cell membrane

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Surrounds and protects the individual cell

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Nucleus

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Small, round structure within the cell containing chromosomes and nucleoplasm

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Chromosome

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Linear strand made of DNA carrying genetic information

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Cytology

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Study of cells including their frmat, structure and function of cells

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RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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Contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis

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Gene

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Pacific segment of base pairs of chromosomes function unit of heredity

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Mitosis

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Cells divide and multiply to form two cells

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Five body cavities

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Cranial cavity, spinal cavity, The Rustic or chest cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

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Cranial cavity

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The space inside the skull, or Cranium, containing the brain

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Spinal cavity

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The space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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Thoracic, or chest, cavity

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Space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus

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Abdominal cavity

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The space containing the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines, kidney's, liver, bladder, stinker is, spleen, and ureters

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Pelvic cavity

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Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum

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Membranes

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Line the internal spaces of organs and tubes opening to the outside, and also lining body cavities.

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5 types of membranes

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Mucous membranes, serous membranes, synovial membranes, meninges, and the cutaneous membrane

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Mucous membrane

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These line the interior walls of the organs and tubes opening to the outside of the body, such as those of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system.

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Serous membranes

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These line cavities, including the thoracic cavity and internal organs.

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Synovial membranes

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These line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue

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Meninges

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Composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord

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Cutaneous membrane

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This membrane forms the outer covering of the body and consists of a thin outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue. (Skin)

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Connective tissue

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Support and connect tissue of the body

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Connective tissue four General groups

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Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

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Largest organ system in the body three structures

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Skin, hair, nails

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Skin, hair, nails have what function

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Protection from injury, fluid loss, and microorganisms. Temperature regulation. Fluid balance. Sunsation.

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Two layers that make up the skin

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Dermis and the epidermis

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Epidermis

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Composed of four to five layers called stratum. The stratum lucidum layer is normally found only on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet

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Stratum corneum

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Also called The Horny layer, outermost layer

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Stratum lucidum( Palms and soles)

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Clear layer

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Stratum granulosum

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Granular layer of cells. It contains two types of granules, keratohyaline granules and lamellated granules

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Stratum spinosum

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Composed of prickle cells that are interwoven for protection

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Stratum Basale

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Jeepers of the five epidermis layers, made of basale cells

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Dermis

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Located deeper, just under the epidermis it has two strata: stratum papillare, stratum reticular

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Stratum papillare

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Thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis

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Stratum reticular

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Thick layer of dens, irregular connective tissue

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Cutaneous

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Pertaining to the skin

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Dermatology

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The study of skin

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Dermatologist

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Physician specializing in diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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Decubitus

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Pressure ulcer/bedsore

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Ecchymosis

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Condition in which blood seeps into the skin, causing discoloration

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Hypodermic

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Pertaining to under the skin

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Intradermal

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Pertaining to within the skin

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Jaundice

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Yellowness of the skin

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Melanin

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Pigment giving color to the skin

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Melanoma

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Pigmented malignant tumor of the skin, the most dangerous form of skin cancer

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Pediculosis

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Infestation with lice

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Subcutaneous

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Pertaining to below the skin

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Tinea

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Ringworm

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Two structures of hair

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Follicle and shaft

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Six parts of nail

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Root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium, perionychium, hyponychium

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Alopecia

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Loss of hair

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Follicles

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Specialized structures required for hair growth

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Hair follicles

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Sac holding the root of hair fibers

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Hair papilla

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Knoblike indentation at bottom of hair follicle containing the blood supply to hair root

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Lunula

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Little Moon area of nail

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Nail body

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Visible part of nail

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Nail bed

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Skin below the nail, epidermis, and dermis

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Onychitis

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Inflammation of nail Matrix