Structure, Function And Disorders Of The Integument Chapter 39 Of Understanding Pathophysiology

Front 1

What all is in the dermis?

Back 1

connective tissue
hair follicles
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatic tissue
SCHLBN hard since i had to learn about the dermis!!

Front 2

Name the layers of the skin

Back 2

dermis
epidermis
hypodermis (not really a layer, just the stuff below)

Front 3

What all is in the epidermis?

Back 3

basal and spinous layer
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

Front 4

What are Langerhans cells


What are Merkel cells

Back 4

L-immune function, works with macrophages and monocytes


M-associated with sensory nerve endings

Front 5

what are the dermal appendages?

Back 5

nails
hair
eccrine / apocrine sweat glands

Front 6

How and why do pressure ulcers develop?

Back 6

decubitus ulcers develop from pressure and shearing forces that cut off capillary blood flow and results in ischemia and necrosis.

Usually happens over bony prominences
trochanters (hips)
sacrum (low back)
ischia (hips)
heels

Front 7

what are keloids?

Back 7

sharply elevated scars that extend beyond the borders of the traumatized skin

Front 8

How is the skin nourished?

Back 8

papillary capillaries which come from deeper arterial plexuses.

Front 9

contact dermatitis

Back 9

delayed hypersensitivity (sensitization to allergens)
metals
chemicals
poison ivy

Front 10

irritant contact dermatitis

Back 10

prolonged exposure to chemicals
like acids or soaps

Front 11

atopic / allergic dermatitis

Back 11

family history of allergies
hay fever
elevated IgE levels
increased histamine sensitivity
Pruritis and scratching lead to scaling, infection and thickening of the skin.

Front 12

stasis dermatitis

Back 12

occurs in legs as a result from venous stasis and edema

Front 13

Seborrheic dermatitis

Back 13

scaly, yellowish, inflammatory plaques of the scalp, eyelids, eyebrows, ear canal, chest, axillae and back
Where there are a lot of sebaceous glands

Maybe Malassezia yeast is the culprit??

Front 14

Papulosquamous disorders

Back 14

papules, scales, plaques and erythema

Psoriasis
Pityriasis rosea
Lichen planus

Front 15

psoriasis

Back 15

chronic and inflammatory
T cell activation
epi and dermis thickening
scaly erythamatous, puritic plaques

Front 16

Pityriasis rosea

Back 16

self-limiting
oval lesions with scales around the edges
lesions are on skin lines of trunk and may have a herpes like virus cause

Front 17

Lichen planus

Back 17

autoimmune papular, violet colored inflammatory lesion
no known cause
extremely pruritic

Front 18

acne vulgaris

Back 18

inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicle

Front 19

acne rosacea

Back 19

middle third of the face
hypertrophy and inflammation of sebaceous glands

Front 20

lupus erythematosus (discoid)

Back 20

involves only the skin
cutaneous inflammatory lesions usually appearing in spots exposed to UV
butterfly distribution over the nose and cheeks

Front 21

Pemphigus

Back 21

chronic
autoimmune
blistering disease
begins in mouth or scalp and spreads from there
fatal

Front 22

erythema multiforme

Back 22

acute inflammation of skin and mucous membranes
lesions look like a target (edema, inflammation, edema, inflammation)
allergic rxn to drugs

Front 23

folliculitis

Back 23

bacterial infection of a hair follicle

Front 24

furuncle

Back 24

folliculitis that extends to surrounding tissue

Front 25

carbuncle

Back 25

collection of infected hair follicles that forms a draining abcess.
yuck

Front 26

erysipelas

Back 26

superficial streptococcal infection
face
ears
lower legs

Front 27

impetigo

Back 27

bullous or ulcerative forms
usually more common in children
vesicular-small vesicles with honey-colored serum and then white brown crusts form
watch out for glomerulonephritis--treat aggressively

bullous--blisters , honey colored crust, mostly on nose mouth and hands

Staph and strep are the culprits

Front 28

HSV-1

Back 28

cold sores
cornea
mouth
labia

Front 29

HSV-2

Back 29

genital lesions
STD

Front 30

herpes zoster

varicella

Back 30

aka shingles (sorry Wolfy!!)


aka chicken pox

Front 31

warts

Back 31

benign rough elevated lesions
papillomavirus

STD warts are condylomata acuminata

Front 32

tinea infections

Back 32

fungal infections

classified by where they occur on the bod
pedis, corporis, capitis

Front 33

candidiasis

Back 33

yeastlike fungal infection
skin
mucous membranes
gastrointestinal tract

Front 34

cutaneous vasculitis

Back 34

inflammation of skin blood vessels
immune complex deposition

purpura
ischemia
necrosis

Front 35

urticarial lesions

Back 35

hives
Type 1 hypersensitivity response

wheals, welts or hives

Front 36

Scleroderma

Back 36

autoimmune sclerosis of skin
can also affect organs,

renal failure
bowel obstruction
cardiac dysrhythmias

Front 37

mosquitos

Back 37

transmit infectious diseases

itching and wheal formation

Front 38

biting flies

Back 38

painful bleeders

itching , fever and malaise

Front 39

bee sting

Back 39

local or systemic reaction can become anaphylactic

Front 40

seborrheic keratosis

Back 40

proliferation of basal cells that produce elevated, smooth, warty lesions of lots of sizes

old people

Front 41

keratocanthoma

Back 41

hair follicles where the sun shines down on ya.

dome shaped, crusty lesion that hangs around for 3-4 months

Front 42

actinic keratosis

Back 42

pigmented scaly lesion that appears on fair skinned people in the sun

may become malignant

Front 43

nevi

Back 43

moles

may undergo transition to become malignant melanoma

Front 44

basal cell carcinoma

Back 44

most common skin cancer

sun-exposed areas

Front 45

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 45

tumor of epidermis

localized (in situ) or invasive

Front 46

malignant melanoma

Back 46

can metastasize through lymph sys.

excise early

Front 47

kaposi sarcoma

Back 47

vascular malignancy

immunodeficiency states

HSV-8

Front 48

first degree burn

Back 48

superficial
no scarring
only epidermis

sunburn

Front 49

second degree burn

Back 49

superficial partial thickness
or
deep partial thickness

scarring, autograft

Front 50

third degree burn

Back 50

all the way to the hypodermis
and subcutaneous structures

Front 51

hypovolemic shock

Back 51

has cardiovascular element and cellular component

massive fluid losses. dramatic increase of fluids going from blood to interstitual space.

blood shunting from liver kidney and gut

cells membranes become more permeable and lose eletrolyte homestasis.

Front 52

capillary seal

Back 52

end point of burn shock

once capillary integrity and blood volume are resolved.

Front 53

hypermetabolic response

Back 53

increased cortisol, glucagon and insulin levels

Front 54

frostbite

Back 54

occurs on cheeks and digits

direct injury to cells and impaired circulation

Front 55

alopecia

Back 55

male-pattern
female pattern

alopecia areata
autoimmune
may come from stress or metabolic diseases

Front 56

paronychia

Back 56

cuticle inflammation
staph or strep
chronic or acute

Front 57

onychomycosis

Back 57

fungal infection of the nail plate