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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS and PNS
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Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerve, Spinal Nerve, Pathways: Afferent, Efferent |
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PNS
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Somatic Nervous System
Motor and sensory pathways, regulating, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle Autonomic Nervous System Motor and sensory pathways regulating the body’s internal environment through involuntary control of organ systems: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Neuron
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Three Components:
Cell body: soma cell bodies in the CNS are nuclei (main location) cell bodies in the PNS are ganglia Dendrites: receptive portion of the neuron Axons: carry nerve impulses away from the cell body hillock: cone-shaped, where the axon leave the cell body Initial segment of the axon: areas having the lowest threshold for stimulation- action potential begins |
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Sensory, Associational, and motor functions
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Sensory: transmit impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
Associational: transmit impulses from neuron to neruon Motor: transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ |
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Neuroglia
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"Nerve Glue"
Support the neurons of the CNS astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and microglia |
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Wallerian degeneration
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Degeneration of a nerve fiber the has been separated from its nutritive source by injury or disease
distal to the injury: swelling, neurofilaments hypertrohy, myelin sheath shrinks and disintegrates, axon portion degenerates and disappears. |
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Proximal to the injury
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Swelling and dispersal of the Nissi substance
Cell increases in metabolic activity Protein synthesis Mitochrondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment |
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Nerve Impulse
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Neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical impulses and influencing other nearby neurons by the release of neurotransmitters
-All or None response |
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Synapses
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Adjacent neurons
Impulses are transmitted across the synapse by chemical and electrical conduction Presynaptic --proximal to the synapse Postsynaptic-- distal to the synapse Synaptic Boutons- release trransmitters |
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Neurotransmitters
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More than 30 substances
Excitatroy and Inhibitory |
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Forebrain
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Telencephalon: cerebrum
gryi, sulci, and fissures gray matter and white matter Brodmann areas |
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Frontal Lobe
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primary motor area, limbic system
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Parietal
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somatic sensory input
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occipital
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primary visual cortex
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temporal
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primary auditory cortex
wemicke's area: word comprehension |
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cerebral nuclei
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basal gangila
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