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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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C:H is ~ 1:1 |
Benzene ring is present |
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C:H ratio ~ 1:2 |
Unsaturation is present (C=O / C=C) If compound only has C&H and doesnt decolourise Br2, cycloalkane present |
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Neutral compound with O |
Alcohol/Ester present |
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C:H > 1:2 |
Saturated compound |
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Neutral compound with N & O |
Amide may be present |
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Rotates plane of polarized light/Optically active |
A chiral carbon is present |
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Shows geometric isomerism |
2 diff substituents joined to each C in C=C //not in a ring |
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Decolourises Bromine |
Alkene/phenol/phenylamine If alkene, n Br2 reacted = n double bond// mr also increase in no. of Br If phenol/phenylamine, mr will increase in no. of Br atoms and no. of H atoms decrease cuz of substituition |
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Decolorizes purple KMnO4 |
If benzene likely to be present, side chain oxidation --> benzoic acid If CO2/ketone/carboxylic acid formed and compound contains double bond, C=C present & oxidative cleavaged occurred. --> CO2 evolved means got terminal alkene H2C= or =CHCH= If unknown compound contains O, and no increase in no. of O atoms, 2° alcohol oxidized to ketone//if increase in 1 O atom, 1° alcohol/aldehyde oxidized to carboxylic acid |
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Colour change from orange to green when reacted w acidified K2Cr2O7 |
If no increase in O atoms, 2° alcohol --> ketone If increase by 1, 1° alcohol/aldehyde --> carboxylic acid |
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Compound has O atom but doesn't turn orange acidified K2Cr2O7 green |
No 1°/2° alcohol or aldehyde |
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React w Na |
-OH present |
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React w NaOH(aq) at rt |
Carboxylic acid Acyl chloride Phenol Salt of amine present (Acid fxnal groups) |
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Heat NaOH under reflux followed by excess HNO3,AgNO3 |
No ppt -> halogeno arene present or no halogenoalkane present White ppt AgCl--> chloroalkane Cream ppt AgBr --> bromoalkane Yellow ppt AgI --> iodoalkane |
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Rxn w AgNO3 and gives white ppt readily |
Acyl chloride present |
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Rxn w HCl/H2SO4 at rt |
Amine Salt of phenol Salt of carboxylic acid (Basic fxnal groups) |
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HUR HCl/H2SO4 |
Nitrile Acyl chloride Ester Amide |
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Rxn with GASEOUS HBr or HCl |
Alkene present |
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Effervescence w Na2CO3 (aq) |
Carboxylic acid Acyl chloride |
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Rxn w PCl5 or SOCl2 gives steamy fumes of HCl |
Alcoholic/carboxylic acid present |
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Gives orange ppt w 2,4-DNPH |
Aldehyde Ketone |
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Violet colouration with neutral FeCl3 |
Phenol present |
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Red ppt of Cu2O w Fehlings solution |
Aliphatic aldehyde present |
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Red ppt of Cu2O w Fehlings solution |
Aliphatic aldehyde present |
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Alkaline gas evolved after heating w NaOH |
NH3 evolved Alkaline hydrolysis of nitrites (-CN) or amides (CONH2) |
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Gives yellow ppt w alkaline i2(aq) |
Presence of CH3CH(OH) or CH3CO- |
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Reacts with fehling solution to produce red ppt Cu2O |
Aliphatic aldehyde aromatic cannot react |
