Structural

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Structural shapes formed by

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Hot rolling

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Standard views used to illustrate steel structures on drawings

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Plan view, elevation view, section views

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View looking down on top of structure, multi story building require more views

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Plan view

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Looking from one side of building. Shows vertical height dimensions

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Elevation view

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Gives close up detail of part or section of building

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Section views

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Used to show location of holes, clips, base plates

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Detail drawings

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Shape for misc.

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M

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W columns have

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Equal web and flange thicknesses

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W beams have

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Unequal web and flange thicknesses

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ST, WT and MT structural tees made by

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Cutting S, W or M shape beams or columns in half

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Beam/Column designation for W12x20x2

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W shape with nominal depth of 12 ", weight is 20 lb/ft, piece is 2 feet long

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Bolt holes on structural members laid out on

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Gage lines

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Gauge line is

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The distance from the line to the heel of an angle or channel or the centerline of a beam web

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Holes are spaced in what direction

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Parallel to the length of the member

Front 15

Hole spacing on the gage line

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Pitch

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3 methods of showing dimensions on a print

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Standard, extension, group

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Most difficult method of dimensions to read on print

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Group

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Easiest dimension method to use on drawings

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Extension

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Group dimension

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Extension

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Standard

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Drawing shows dimensions from hole to hole

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Group

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Size of heavy hex head on bolt specified to be

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Same as nut

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Bolt type has shorter thread length to eliminate it from the shear plane

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Structural bolts

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Snug tight condition

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When all plies of joint are in firm contact

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Slip critical connection (friction type connection) definition

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Relies on friction between steel plies and high clamp load of structural bolt and nut to prevent movement

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Connection requires specific torque for given bolt size

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Slip critical connections

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2 types of bolting methods

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Slip critical and snug tight

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4 methods of fully tensioning bolts for slip connections

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Turn the nut method, alternative bolts, head indicating washer (DTI), calibrated torque wrench

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Least favorable of the 4 methods of tightening bolts

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Torque wrench

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Body of bolt

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Distance from under the head to End of bolt

Front 32

Specific load that a fastener must be tested at without any indication of deformation or failure

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Proof load

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Larger edge distance required when

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Hole is near sheared edge

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Steel base plates required when

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Columns bear on concrete footings

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Sufficient number of anchor bolts to hold verticle columns in base plates

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2

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Thickness of base plate should be no less than

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1/5 x the overhang from the column to base plate edge

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Anchor rods made from what material

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ASTM A36

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Seated beam shear designed to support what kind of load

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Vertical only

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Seated beam shear most commonly used

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At beam to column supports

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Stiffened thickness must not be less than

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Beam web thickness

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Min. And max end plate thickness

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6mm min 10 mm max

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End plate thickness based on

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Minimum edge distance

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Minimum angle thickness

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6mm

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Shear connections are for

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Vertical shearing

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Minimum and maximum clearance between beam and column

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10-20 mm

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Vertical support members In a structural steel frame

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Columns

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Horizontal support members inna structural steel frame building. Usually made from wide flange shapes

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Beams

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Horizontal support members in structural frame used to span between columns in building or between supports in a bridge

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Girders

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Built up shapes that support roofs and floor systems. Used in place of girders when long spans desired but overall weight is a consideration

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Trusses

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The thickness of material or parts which the fastener is design to secure when fully assembled

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The Grip

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Bolt body length is from

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Underside of the head to the last scratch of thread

Front 52

Bolt length

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Length from underside of the head to the extreme end of the bolt

Front 53

Test load which a fastener must withstand without any indication of significant deformation or failure

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Proof load

Front 54

Thread length of a bolt

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From the extreme point of the bolt to the last complete thread

Front 55

Circular boss on the bearing surface of a bolt or nut

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Washer face

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Shop bolt

Front 57

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Countersink near side

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Countersink far side

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Open holes

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Field splice

Front 61

What tool is being used on the beam

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Beam web gauge

Front 62

% of holes in all the joints must have hand tightened bolts or drift pins in place before removing crane

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50%

Front 63

Is dry packing grout acceptable in bearing areas?

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No

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What is the type of grout used for bearing areas

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Sika 212 flowable grout

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CSA standard for structural welded steel construction

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W59

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CSA standard for welding of steel structures

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W47.1