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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ischaemic stroke |
They occur when blood & oxygen is prevented from reaching a part of the brain due to blood clot or fatty deposites known as plaque (Atherosclerosis) |
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Atherosclerosis |
When arteries are clogged with fatty deposits knwn as plaque. This can cause ischaemic strokes. |
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Atrial Fibrillation |
A type of irregular heartbeat which can cause blood clots in the heart that break up and escape from the heart; becoming lodged in the blood vessels supplying the brain. |
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Causes of Atrial Fibrillation (Ischaemic) |
♥Lung disease ♥Heart valve disease ♥Excessive alcohol intake ♥Overactive thyroid gland ♥Coronory heart disease |
There are 5 of these :) |
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Causes of Ischaemic stroke |
♥Atrial Fibrillation ♥Smoking ♥High blood pressure ♥Obesity ♥High cholesterol levels ♥Diabetes ♥Excessive alcohol intake |
There are 7 of these :) |
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Thrombatic stroke |
When a blood clot/plaque forms in the brain & restricts blood flow (atherosclerosis) |
A type of Ischaemic stroke |
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Embolic stroke |
This occurs when a blood clot (called an embolus) or any other thing forms away from your brain & is swept through the bloodstream to lodge in narrow brain arteries. |
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Haemorrhagic stroke |
They occur when a blood vessal within the skull bursts and bleeds into/around the brain. |
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Causes of Haemorrhagic stroke |
♥Being overweight/obese ♥Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol ♥Smoking ♥A lack of excercise ♥Brain aneurysms ♥High blood pressure (←main cause) |
There are 6 of these :) |
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Brain aneurysms |
Ruptures of a balloon like expansion of a blood vessel or badly formed blood vessel. ♥Seccular aneurysms (ball) ♥Fusiform aneurysm (badly formed) ♥Ruptured Aneurysm (popped)
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There are 3 of these :) |
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Intracerebral haemorrhage & causes |
A blood vessel in the brain bursts & spills into the brain tissue that's close by damaging brain cells. Other blood cells beyond the leak also get blood deprived.
Causes: ♥High blood pressure ♥Trauma ♥Vascular malformations ♥Blood thinning medication |
There are 4 causes :) |
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Subarachnoid haemorrhage & causes |
An artery on/near the surface of the brain bursts & spills into the space between the surface of your brain & your skull. It usually begins with a severe headache.
Causes: ♥A brain aneurysm ♥After the haemorrhage, vasospasm may occurs which causes brain cell damage by limiting blood flow further |
There are 2 causes :) |
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Vasospasm |
The blood vessels in your brain widening and narrowing erratically |
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F.A.S.T |
♥Face- one side drooping, eyes/smile ♥Arms- can't raise one/both arms due weakness or numbness ♥Speech- slurred/garbled or might not be able to talk at all ♥Time- call an ambulance as strokes can be fatal |
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Other symptoms of stroke |
♥Paralysis of one side of the body ♥Sudden loss/blurryness of vision ♥Dizziness ♥Confusion ♥Difficulty understanding others speech or not being able to talk ♥Problems with balence or co-ordination ♥Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) blinding pain ♥A sudden/severe headache causing blinding pain ♥Loss of consciousness ♥Transent ischaemic attack |
There are 10 of these :) |
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Transent ischaemic attack (TIA) |
A mini stroke, only lasting a few minutes, but shouldn't be ignored as it makes a person more likely to have a stroke. |
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After effects of strokes |
♥Weakness or paralysis- usually on one side of the body, an arm/leg... problems balence/co-ordination... daily tasks difficult. ♥Aphasia (language problems)- can cause someone to not understand language, speaking/hearing it. ♥Visual & perception issue's - one side of the body's inactive & the person who experienced stroke might not be able to see on/towards the side that's paralyzed. ♥Cognitive problems - strokes can effect the memory, attention, learning & other mental processes. ♥Dysphasia - trouble swallowing |
There are 5 of these :) |
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) |
Its an injection that restores blood flow by dissolving the blood clot. Risks like potential bleeding in the brain have to be considered. It must be given 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms, after 4.5 hours, administrated directly to the brain. |
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Surgical clipping |
A tiny clamp's placed at the base of the aneurysm to stop blood flow to it & prevent it from bursting. |
A treatment for Haemorrhagic strokes |
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Endovascular embolisation |
When a surgeon uses a catheter into an artery in your groin & guides it to your brain. Tiny detachable coils fill the aneurysm, blocks blood flow & cause the blood to clot. |
Coiling, a treatment for haemorrhagic strokes |
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Surgeries of ischaemic strokes |
♥Mechanical clot remover- A catheter used to put a tiny device that grabs or breaks up the clot. ♥Carotid endarterectomy- removing plaque from the arteries by the side of the neck (carotid artery). ♥Angioplasty- A balloon like object into the carotid artery to widen the narrow artery. A stent is then inserted to hold it open. |
There are 3 different types :) |
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Surgical AVM removal |
AMV's will be removed if they are small enough & easy to get to. If AMV's are too deep in the brain they can't be removed. |
Treatment for haemorrhagic strokes :) |
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Intracranial bypass |
Attaching an artery from inside the brain to one on the outside (bypassing). It treats poor blood flow to a part of the brain. |
Treatment for haemorrhagic strokes :) |
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Stereotactic radiosurgary |
Using many beams of focused radiation to repair vascular malformations; it's a minimally invasive treatment. |
Treatment for haemorrhagic strokes :) |
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Hydrocephalus |
A build up of fluids in the brain cavities that can cause headaches. It can be fixed by placing an shunt to drain the fluid properly. |
A side effect of treatments for haemorrhagic strokes :) |
