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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke? (hint: ACID I)
A____________ C____________ I ____________ D ____________ I _____________ |
5 s/s ischemic stroke are:
A cid/base imbalance C ell injury and death I schemia D ecreased cerebral blood flow (<25 ml/100g/min) I ncreased intracellular Ca++ |
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The ischemic brain tissue that can be salvaged with timely intervention is the _________ region.
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penumbra
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Which classification of ischemic stroke is manifested by a sudden loss of motor, sensory, or visual function. Lasts a few minutes, but no longer than 24 hours. Complete recovery.
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TIA
Transcient Ischemic Attack |
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Which classification of ischemic stroke is manifested by signs and symptoms that are more pronounced than TIA and last more than 24 hours? Symptoms resolve in a few days with no permanent neurological defect.
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RIND
Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit |
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Which classification of ischemic stroke is manifested by a worsening of neurologic sign and symptoms over several minutes or hours?
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Progressive Stroke
or Stroke in Evolution |
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Which classification of ischemic stroke is manifested by a stabilization of neurologic signs and symptoms, no further progression of insult to brain; damage is done.
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Completed Stroke
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What percentage of people die from a completed ischemic stroke?
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20% mortality
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What is the #1 test for determining stroke?
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CT Scan
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What 4 factors determine stroke manifestations?
a) anatomic site of lesion b) rate of onset c) size of lesion d) presence of collateral circulation e) color of lesion f) rate of decline |
The 4 factors that determine stroke manifestations are:
a) anatomic site of lesion b) rate of onset c) size of lesion d) presence of collateral circulation |
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True or false?
The larger the bleed, the more severe the stroke and the less likely patient will recover. |
True
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Name 6 generalized symptoms of ischemic stroke.
(hint) C, L, O, T, S and B |
CLOTS and B
C hange in mental status L oss of balance & coordination O ne-sided facial or extremity numbness or weakness T rouble w/speech and understanding S udden, severe headache B lurred vision |
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A left-brain stroke affects which side of the body?
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Right side of body
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Aphasia is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Altered intellect is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Slow, cautious behavior is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Right visual field deficits are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Impaired speech and language are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Depression and anxiety caused by awareness of deficits are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Difficulty learning new things is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Left
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Paralysis or weakness on left side of body is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Left visual field deficits are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Problems with sptial and perceptual deficits are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Loss of proprioception is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Short term memory problems are associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Lack of awareness of deficits is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Increased distractibility is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Impulsive judgements can be very dangerous to a person suffering from a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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What is paralysis on one side of the body due to lesion on opposite side of body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
b) hemiplagia
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What is weakness on one side of the body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
a) hemiparesis
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What do you call the motor loss that results in a staggering, unsteady gait?
a) aphasia b) ataxia c) apraxia d) asphixiation |
b) ataxia
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What is dysarthria?
a) difficulty swallowing b) difficulty moving limbs c) difficulty forming words |
c) difficulty forming words
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What is dysphagia?
a) difficulty swallowing b) difficulty moving limbs c) difficulty forming words |
a) difficulty swallowing
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A person who is unable to perform a previously learning action (like picking up a fork and combing hair with it) is suffering from what?
a) ataxia b) apraxia c) apnea |
b) apraxia
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A person who is unable to perceive the position and motion of their body is suffering from:
a) loss of peripheral vision b) loss of consciousness c) loss of self control d) loss of propreoception |
d) loss of propreoception
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Lack of awareness of deficits is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Increased distractibility is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Impulsive judgements can be very dangerous to a person suffering from a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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What is paralysis on one side of the body due to lesion on opposite side of body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
b) hemiplagia
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What is weakness on one side of the body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
a) hemiparesis
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Lack of awareness of deficits is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Increased distractibility is associated with a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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Impulsive judgements can be very dangerous to a person suffering from a (left, right) brain stroke?
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Right
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What is paralysis on one side of the body due to lesion on opposite side of body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
b) hemiplagia
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What is weakness on one side of the body called?
a) hemiparesis b) hemiplagia |
a) hemiparesis
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A person suffering from diplopia __________.
a) has double vision b) is unaware of the borders of objects c) has lost half the visual field |
a) has double vision
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Numbness and tingling of the extremity is called _______.
a) hemianopsia b) paresthesia c) ataxia |
b) paresthesia
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Which diagnostic test for ischemic stroke would put a patient with a.fib at risk for CVA?
a) echocardiogram b) carotid doppler c) CT (with contrast) d) MRI e) carotid angiogram |
a) echocardiogram
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A person suffering from ischemic stroke has ____.
a) too much blood being pumped into the brain b) no blood going to the brain |
b) no blood going to the brain
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Name 4 symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke.
(hint: ENLR) |
E xtremely severe headache
N uchal rigidity L oss of consciousness R apid development of coma or death |
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What is TPA used for?
a) antiplatelet med b) remove plaque c) clot buster |
c) clot buster
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Which is not an initial medical management for ischemic stroke (TIA, RIND)?
a) ASA B) TPA c) plavix d) corticosteroids e) statins |
d) corticosteroids
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ASA and coumadin are used to treat __________.
a) TIA b) RIND c) embolus d) hair loss |
c) embolus
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A completed stroke might be treated with carotid endarterectomy and _______ or_________.
a) plavix or ASA b) heparin or lovenox c) coumadin or ASA d) TPA orstatins |
b) heparin or lovenox
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Name 4 anticoagulation therapies for ischemic stroke.
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INR (international ratio - usually between 2-3)
Coumadin therapy PTT (Partial thromboplastic time (30-45 seconds) Heparin therapy |
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Name 9 complications of carotid endarerectomy.
(hint: MSHHIICIN) |
MI
Stroke Hypertension Hypotension Intracerebral bleed Infection Cranial nerve injuries Incisional hematoma Hyperperfusion symdrome |
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What are the 6 things the nurse should check with a post-operative patient?
(hint ABCD and NC) |
Airway
Breathing Circulation Dysarrythmias Neurologic Status Cranial nerve function |
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What is TPA used for?
a) antiplatelet med b) remove plaque c) clot buster |
c) clot buster
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Which is not an initial medical management for ischemic stroke (TIA, RIND)?
a) ASA B) TPA c) plavix d) corticosteroids e) statins |
d) corticosteroids
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ASA and coumadin are used to treat __________.
a) TIA b) RIND c) embolus d) hair loss |
c) embolus
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A completed stroke might be treated with carotid endarterectomy and _______ or_________.
a) plavix or ASA b) heparin or lovenox c) coumadin or ASA d) TPA orstatins |
b) heparin or lovenox
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Name 4 anticoagulation therapies for ischemic stroke.
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INR (international ratio - usually between 2-3)
Coumadin therapy PTT (Partial thromboplastic time (30-45 seconds) Heparin therapy |
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What is the removal of a plaque or thrombus from the carotid artery to prevent stroke in patients with symptoms of TIA or mild stroke?
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Endarterectomy
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What is the difference between a intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a diseased blood vessel within the brain burst, allowing blood to leak into the brain (often caused by high blood pressure).
A subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel just outside of the brain ruptures, often caused by cerebral aneurysms. |
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After hemorrhagic stroke, you must promote brain healing by providing _____________.
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adequate oxygenation and bedrest
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After hemorrhagic stroke, you must prevent these 8 complications.
(hint: CHHAISED) |
C erebral Vasospam
H ypertension H ypotension A cute hydrocephalus I ncresed ICP S eizures E lectrolyte Imbalance DVT |
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An endovascular occulsion is a surgical treatment for _____.
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Hemorrhagic stroke
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Who perform a endovascular occlusion?
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Radiologist
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When the radiologist passes a wire through the cerbral circulation, inserts a coil, and occludes the AV fistula or aneurysm neck, he is performing an _____________.
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endovascular occlusion
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When a neurosurgeon clips the neck of an aneurysm or ligates a fistula, he is performing a
a) endovascular occlusion b) craniotomy c) cranectomy d) cranraspberryectomy |
b) craniotomy
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Name two ways to maintain normal ICP to manage a stroke>
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1. osmotic diuretics
2. PaCO2 30-35 |
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True or false?
Keep HOB elevated after stroke to promote venous drainage and lower ICP. |
True! HOB elevated!!!
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What kind of rehabilitation might a stroke patient receive?
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Speech therapy
OT PT |
