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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes Lotic Systems Unique?
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-Flow
-Continuous Change -High degree of differences over space and time -variability between lotic systems is high -specialized biota (adapted to flow) |
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What are some examples of Input?
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-Soils
-Water-Precip/IceMelt -temperature -slope -vegetation -land use(deforestation/ag) |
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What is an individual who studies Physical/Geological factors called?
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A Geomorphologist
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What are some Physical/Geological Factors?
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-Flow
-Water Amount -Channel Geology -Bank Stability -Length -Debris -Meanders -Load(size&type material in stream) |
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What is an individual who studies Chemical factors called?
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A Biogeochemist
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What are some Chemical Factors?
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-Phosphorous Cycling
-Nitrogen Cycling -Carbon Cycling -oxygen(usually plentiful in streams) -Light |
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What are some examples of Output?
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-Water
-Dissolved Material -Particulate Material |
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What is DOM?
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Dissolved Organic Material
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What is POM?
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Particulate Organic Material
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What are some Biological Factors?
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-Primary Producers
-Algae(biofilms) -Plants(low flow) |
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What is the most studied thing in Stream Ecology?
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Invertebrates (insects)
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What is a system to define the large scale characteristics of a stream called?
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-Stream Order System
- 1-12 system |
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What order stream are 80% of all U.S. streams?
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1-3
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What order stream are 20,000 of all U.S. streams?
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4-6
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What order stream are 250 of all U.S. streams?
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7-12
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What version of stream order did we study in class?
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-Strahler Version
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What is a Reel?
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Small microchannels where local erosion occurs.
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What are the two places that erosion comes from?
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-Area of Erosion
-Reels |
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what is a flood?
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When the bank is full (occurs once a year)
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What is a 50 year flood?
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Above bank full
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What is a Perennial Stream?
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A stream containing base flow over 90 days of the year.
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What are ephemeral streams?
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-Streams that carry water during intense rains and floods only
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Q=(w)(d)(v)
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Q=discharge
w=width d=depth v=velocity |
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What is the size of a boulder?
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greater than 256mm
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What is the size of Cobble?
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256mm>Cobble>64mm
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what is the size of Gravel?
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64mm>Gravel>2mm
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what is the size of sand?
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2mm>Sand>0.0625mm
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What is a plane bed made up of?
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mostly cobble
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What is a pool-Riffle made up of?
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Gravel, Sand
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What is a Colluvial stream?
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A headwater riffle
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What is a Dune-Ripple made up of?
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sand
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What is a Forced pool?
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Riffle
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What is a stream capacity?
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The total load of bed material a stream can carry.
(related to flow, parent material, and slope) |
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When is effective discharge highest?
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At medium flow
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What is effective discharge?
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The discharge at which sediment transport peaks.
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How much has sediment discharge decreased in the past 20-30 years?
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20%
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What law determines erosion vs. sedimentation?
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Lane's Law
sediment discharge x sediment particle size= stream flow x stream slope |
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three rivers that experience low oxygen?
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Rive Thames
Neuse River, NC Mississippi R. |
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Why does the Neuse river experience low oxygen levels?
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b/c pig shit enters the stream systems
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Why do dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico take place?
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b/c the Mississippi River receives input from a lg part of U.S. agriculture
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What river has experienced loew oxygen since 1620?
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Rive Thames
1858 is referred to as the year of the Great Stink |
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What is the emperical formula for Carbonic Acid?
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H2CO3
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what is DOC?
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-dissolved organic carbon
(ex. tannic & fulvic acids) |
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What is the effect of low disturbance on biological diversity?
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Low Disturbance=High Biological Diversity
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What is the effect of high disturbance on biological diversity?
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High Disturbance=Low Biological Diversity
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What are the features of the Abiotic Environment?
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1)Current
2)Substrate 3)Temperature 4)Chemistry |
