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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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thunderstorms
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(CBs) cumulonimbus clouds w/ trong updrafts near troposphere
-mature have anvil (at tropopause) move southwest to northeas -best place to view = south east |
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heat and storms
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storms can strengthen if the hidden (latent) heat can be released back into sensible heat
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Saturation vapour pressure, symbol es
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Equilibrium between amount of vapour in the air for which the evaporation of liquid water into the air exactly balances the condensation of vapour out of the air.
warmer air can hold more water vapour at equilibrium than colder air |
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air
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air in our atmosphere usually holds only between 0 to 4% water vapour by volume, compared to 78% (±3%) of nitrogen and 21% (±1%) of oxygen, on average. Any water-vapour excess above the saturation value condenses into water droplets.
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Partial pressure for water vapour has a special name: vapour pressure, and is given the symbol e.
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nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, argon, and carbon dioxide pressure exerted
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Stratiform clouds
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layered long and thin
formed by mostly smooth, horizontal winds, and are named by their altitude. Cloud base is NOT related to the Lifting Condensation Level (LCL, to be defined later) for these clouds |
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Stratiform: Cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus
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high altitude (about 10 km), thin, made of ice crystals
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Stratiform: altostratus, altocumulus
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medium altitudes (about 5 km), made of water droplets
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Stratiform: stratus, nimbostratus
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low bases (0.1 to 2 km), thick, with widespread drizzle from the nimbostratus
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Cumuliform clouds
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ook like popcorn, cotton balls, or cauliflower. They have significant vertical motion and turbulence, and are often formed from air parcels rising from near the ground under the cloud. They usually have flat bases, at altitudes very close to the theoretical LCL altitude. Often, their diameter is roughly equal to their thickness. Cumuliform clouds are named by their size:
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Cumuliform:
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cumulus humilis - fair-weather clouds, about 1 km in size
cumulus mediocris - medium size, about 4 km in size cumulus congestus - towering cumulus, about 7 km in size cumulonimbus - thunderstorms, about 11 km in size, with precipitation |
