Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Celiac Trunk

Front 1

What gastrointestinal structures are retro-peritoneal?

Back 1

- pancreas
- most of duodenum
-ascending & descending column

Front 2

A retro-peritoneal is

Back 2

an organ that sits directly on the posterior abdominal wall and is covered anteriorly with visceral peritoneal

Front 3

An omentum is

Back 3

a double-layered extension or fold of peritoneum.

Front 4

The lesser omentum connects

Back 4

the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

Front 5

The greater omentum is

Back 5

a prominent peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum

Front 6

What is the name of the space posterior to the stomach and the omentum?

Back 6

omental bursa (lesser sac)

Front 7

What is the site where the omental bursa opens into the rest of the peritoneal cavity?

Back 7

the epiploic foramen/Winslow

Front 8

What 3 structures lie in the hepato-duodenal ligament? (Portal triad)

Back 8

-common hepatic artery
- portal vein
- the common bile duct

Front 9

What is the Pringles' maneuver?

Back 9

Digital compression of all 3 structures of the portal triad (during surgery)

Front 10

What are the 2 ligaments that comprise the lesser omentum?

Back 10

- hepato-duodenal

- hepato-gastric

Front 11

Name the 3 muscular layers of the stomach wall from superficial to deep:

Back 11

- oblique
-circular
-longitudinal

Front 12

Serosa is...

Back 12

a visceral peritoneum that will be covering stomach

Front 13

Abdominal aorta and its visceral branches:

Back 13

Unpaired: celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

Paired: middle suprarenal aa, renal aa, ovarian/testicular aa

Front 14

abdominal aorta contained in parietal peritoneum or parietal branches

Back 14

unpaired: median sacral a

paired: inferior phrenic aa, lumbar aa

Front 15

What arteries constitute the stomach arterial supply and arise from the celiac trunk?

Back 15

A. the left and right gastric arteries (branches of the celiac and hepatic arteries)

B. the left and right gastroepiploic arteries (branches of the splenic artery and the gastroduodenal artery)

C. the short gastric arteries (branches of the splenic artery)

Front 16

Which vessels run along the stomach's lesser curvature?

Back 16

- R/L gastric arteries

Front 17

Which vessels run along the stomach's greater curvature?

Back 17

- R/L gastroepiploic arteries

Front 18

The right lobe of the liver has...

Back 18

1 lobe

Front 19

the left lobe of the liver has...

Back 19

3 lobes

Front 20

the falciform ligament divides the liver into:

and connects the liver to the ...

Back 20

the falciform ligament divides the liver into R/L
and connects the liver to the diaphragm

Front 21

the liver is said to be functionally independent because right and left lobes have _____

Back 21

the right and left lobes of the liver have their own arterial, portal supply, along wiht separate venous drainage.

Front 22

what are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Back 22

R/L, quadrate, and caudate

Front 23

From a ___ standpoint the caudate and quadrate livers are part of the __ lobe.

Back 23

From a functional standpoint the caudate and quadrate livers are part of the left lobe.

Front 24

what is the "bare area" of the liver?

Back 24

It is a bare area or an area which is not covered by peritoneum, so the liver is indirect contact with the diaphragm.

Front 25

what is the "porta-hepatis"?

Back 25

it is a transverse fissure on the visceral surface of the liver --> it is here there is an opening for the portal vein, hepatic artery, adn the R/L hepatic bile ducts.

Front 26

What is the name of the space b/w the diaphragm and the liver?

Back 26

sub-phrenic space

Front 27

What is the coronary ligament?

Back 27

a peritoneal reflection on the superior part of the liver that "crowns" the liver and attaches to the diaphragm.

Front 28

how is the liver attached to the stomach and duodenum?

Back 28

by the Lesser Omentum which has 2 parts the hepatogastric ligament and the hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 29

What percentage of blood flow to the liver is provided by the hepatic artery? portal vein?

Back 29

Hepatic Artery = 30%

Portal vein = 70%

Front 30

What percentage of Oxygen to the liver is provided by the hepatic artery? portal vein?

Back 30

Hepatic Artery = 50%

Portal vein = 50%

Front 31

Can you describe the path of arterial blood flow from the aorta to the liver?

Back 31

The common hepatic artery arises from the celiac trunk and becomes the proper hepatic artery.

The hepatic artery proper becomes the right and left hepatic artery branches shortly before entering the porta hepatis.

Front 32

What is the general function of the portal vein?

Back 32

it collects blood from the G.I. tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen and brings it to the liver

Front 33

What 2 veins unite to form the portal vein?

Back 33

superior mesenteric artery and splenic vein

Front 34

what happens to the inferior mesenteric vein?

Back 34

it joins the splenic vein before he latter unites with the superior mesenteric

Front 35

What is the venous drainage of the liver?

Back 35

the hepatic veins directly into the inferior vena cava just inferior to the diaphragm.

Front 36

what is the lymphatic drainage of the liver?

Back 36

the lymphatic's drainage is to teh hepatic nodes which are located along side the hepatic vessels.

The hepatic nodes then drain to the celiac nodes

Front 37

What is the approximate capacity of the adult gallbladder?

Back 37

30-50 mL

Front 38

What are the folds in the mucous membrane of the cystic duct called?

Back 38

The spiral valves of "Heister" (impacted gallstones often lodge in the area)

Front 39

Let's trace the flow of bile from the gallbladder to the intestine

Back 39

--> Bile flows out of the infundibulum and into the cystic duct

--> the cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct

The common bile duct is usually joined by the main pancreatic duct and then enters the hepatopancreatic ampulla which open in the second part of the duodeunum.

Front 40

Name the 2 muscular sphincters in the distal bilary tract!

Back 40

a) the choledochal sphincter (located at the distal end of the bile duct)

b) the hepatopancreatic sphincter located at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 41

Describe the spleen's venous drainage.

Back 41

Venous drainage of the spleen isby the splenic vein which joins with the superior mesenteric vein posterior to the pancreas to form the portal vein

Front 42

which 4 abdominal organs are normally in contact with the spleen?

Back 42

- L kidney
-stomach
-pancreas
- colon

Front 43

what other structure does the spleen make contact with?

Back 43

diaphragm!

Front 44

what structures run in the gastro-splenic ligament?

Back 44

- short gastric and gastroepiploic artery

Front 45

what structures run in the spleno-renal ligament?

Back 45

- splenic artery, vein, and tail of pancreas

Front 46

how big is the normal adult spleen?

Back 46

the size of your fist!

Front 47

which artery contributes to the spleen's major blood supply?

Back 47

Splenic artery. it runs from the celiac trunk along the superior border of the pancreas in the lienorenal ligament. It then divides within the ligament into several branches which enter the spleen at the hilum.

Front 48

what is an accessory spleen?

Back 48

heterotopic splenic tissue found near the hilum (seen in about 20% of population)