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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Accuracy of stereotypes and assessment of accuracy is...
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Very hard to assess. Even if you find a stereotype to be accurate it is very hard to find out why it is.
Most people INCORRECTLY, assume biological reasons. |
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Why use an experimental method?
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Common sense can be faulty
Biased interpretation of evidence |
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Lord, Lepper, Ross death penalty study consisted of and showed...
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Death penalty studies showing results, etc. were either for or against the death penalty
participants judged the papers to be good based off of their previous judgements. |
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Confirmatory Hypothesis testing EK47 showed bias confirmation by...
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Showing through a study that consisted of cards having a vowel on the front and a number on the back to be true, and asked people to find this out by picking only two cards.
People chose E and 4 because they believed it to be true and wanted to prove it, instead of flipping over 4 and 7. |
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Why is using an experimental method good in finding objective reality?
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People are not usually aware of their biases
Vivid anecdotes are not usually accurate but still influence people greatly |
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Nisbett and Wilson 4 sock experiment on bias awareness consisted of...
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4 socks, all the same
people chose socks on the far right everyone came up with a different reason as to why that was the best sock instead of realizing it was because: we read from left to right. |
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Correlational Evidence and how it works
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Strength of relationships between 2 variables
ranges from -1 to +1, either is a strong correlation whether positive or negative the close to one the stronger the correlation the sign signatures the nature of it, positive or negative |
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Positive Correlation
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As one goes up so does the other
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Negative Correlation
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as one goes up the other goes down
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What are the advantages of correlational research?
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Convenient (surveys)
can study issues that can't be manipulated like divorce Archival research, look at how lynching went up when cotton yield was down in the south |
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Disadvantage of correlational research
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What causes it?
does x cause y? does y cause x? is it a third variable? |
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Disadvantage of surveys
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May be willing and unable to tell you
may be unable to tell you accurately Prejudiced towards an answer |
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Experiments and their benefits
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Look for whether x causes y and can create measures to ensure this
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Experiments Key Components
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Independent variable must manipulate the cause and nothing else
random assignment dependent variable is what measures the effect |
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Confounds example John and Jane (psych and business)
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John is leading business majors and assertive, Jane is leading Psych majors and is passive.
Is it the psych majors or the female aspect? Or is it the passive or assertive causing the effect. |
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One way design
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single independent variable, two to three groups
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Factorial Designs
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Multiple independent variables
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Disadvantages of Experimental
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Can't randomly assign every event
artificiality of lab can be off, and make it seem fake. |
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Keys to a good experiment
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Internal Validity (Only IV changed the DV)
External Validity (generalizable) |
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Importance of Replication of studies across the world
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Different manipulations of constructs tests ideas
Different settings Different populations When the effects replicate you can be confident it's true. |