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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mechanism of penicillins?
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bind enzymes used in cell wall synthesis and inhibit cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycans
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four classes of penicillins?
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1. natural penicillins
2. ampicillin/amoxicillin 3. penicillinase-resistant 4. carboxypenicillins (extended spectrum): piperacillin |
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clinical indication for natural penicillins?
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GAS, actinomyces, clostridium perfringes, syphilis
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clinical indication for ampicillin/amoxicillin?
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H flu
E coli Listeria Proteus Pasteurella Shigella (add beta-lactamase for MSSA and to cover all H flu) |
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What are the penicillinase-resistant penicillins? use?
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Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin, Dicloxacillin
indicated for MSSA |
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antibiotic category and clinical indication for nafcillin or methicillin?
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penicillinase-resistant penicillins; indicated for MSSA
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classes of beta-lactam antibiotics?
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1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins 3. monobactams 4. carbapenems * all inhibit cell wall synthesis * |
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antibiotic class and mechanism of cephalosporins?
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beta-lactam antibiotics; bind to PBPs and inhibit cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycans
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clinical indication for ceftriaxone?
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(third gen cephalosporin)
community acquired meningitis, community acquired pneumonia, Neisseria gonorrhea |
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clinical indication for ceftazidime?
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(third gen cephalosporin)
Pseudomonas (second line), Klebsiella, Proteus, E coli |
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what does cefepime NOT cover?
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(fourth gen cephalosporin)
does NOT cover MRSA, bacteroides, listeria, enterococcus |
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what are monobactams? clinical indication?
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beta-lactam antibiotics;
eg. Aztreonam (only one on market) * use for aerobic gram negatives, especially PSEUDOMONAS |
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what are carbapenems? what do they not cover?
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imipenem/meropenem (beta lactam antibiotics)
very broad coverage; does NOT cover MRSA, C diff, some Strep pneumo |
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mechanism of fluoroquinolones?
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inhibit DNA gyrase
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examples of fluoroquinolones?
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ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin; cover gram negatives and some gram positives
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antibiotic category, mechanism, and clinical indication for ciprofloxacin?
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fluoroquinolone; inhibits DNA gyrase
covers gram neg and some gram pos; very good against PSEUDOMONAS |
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mechanism of aminoglycosides?
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multiple mechanisms including binding 30s ribosomal subunit
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examples of aminoglycosides? coverage?
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gentamicin, streptomycin
bactericidal for gram negs, including PSEUDOMONAS syndergy from gram positives if given with beta-lactams |
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antibiotic category and mechanism of gentamicin?
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aminoglycosides; multiple mechanisms including 30s ribosomal subunit
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mechanism of macrolides?
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inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis and bind to 50s ribosomal subunit
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examples of macrolides? mechanism?
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erythromycin, azithromycin
inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis, bind to 50S ribosomal subunit |
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antibiotic category and mechanism of azithromycin?
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macrolide
inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis, bind to 50S ribosomal subunit |
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antibiotic category and mechanism of clindamycin?
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(lincosamide)
binds 23s portion of 50s ribosomal subunit |
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antibiotic category and mechanism of vancomycin?
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(glycopeptide)
binds D-ala-D-ala precursors, blocking cell wall formation |
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mechanism of rifampin?
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inhibits initiation of chain formation for RNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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mechanism of tetracyclines?
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bind 30s subunit and block tRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis
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antibiotic class and mechanism of doxycycline?
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one of the tetracyclines
bind 30s subunit and block tRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis |
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mechanism of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole?
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sulfa: competitively inhibits PABA incorporation into tetrahydrofolate
trimethoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase both interrupt purine synthesis |
