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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AAA Tx
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Men 5.5cm, F 4.5cm, or growing 1 cm/yr
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AAA Screening Criteria
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Male smokers 65-75
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Aortic Dissection Dx
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Sx for ascending aorta tear (Stanford A), BBs for rate control
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Aortic Dissection S/Sx
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Tearing chest pain, BP unequal in upper extremities
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Beck's Triad
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hypotension, JVD, distant heart sounds (tamponade)
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Brugada Syn Dx
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Coved (downsloping) ST Elevation V1-V3 (esp V2)
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CMP w/ diastolic dysfunction
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Restrictive or HOCM
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CMP w/ systolic dysfunction
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Dilated CMP
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Coarctation of Aorta Dx
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MRA or CTA
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Coarctation of Aorta Et
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Coarctation usually distal to L subclavian artery, a/w Turner Syn
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Coarctation of Aorta S/Sx
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UE SBP 20 > LE SBP, Fig 3 CXR with rib notching
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Coarctation of Aorta Tx
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Angioplasty, stent or sx
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Cyanotic Heart Dz
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Everything but VSD, ASD, and Coarctation of Aorta,VSD and sometimes ASD can become cyanotic later in life (Eisenmeigher)
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Dressler Syn Dx
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fever, pericarditis, ? ESR
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Dressler Syn Et
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Autoimmune complication occurring 2–4 weeks post-MI.
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Ebstein Anomaly Dx
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Echo showing tricuspid anomaly, TR
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Ebstein Anomaly Et
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TR a/w maternal lithium use
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Ebstein Anomaly Tx
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Valve repair, sometimes replacement
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EKG Brugada Syn
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Coved (downsloping) ST Elevation V1-V3 (esp V2)
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EKG Digitalis Effect
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Inverted, scooped ST
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EKG Osborne wave Dx
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Pos J-wave, neg in aVR & V1
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EKG Osborne wave Et
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Hypothermia
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EKG U waves
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Hypokalemia
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HTN Emergency drug CI
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With HF AE avoid IV BBs, with RAS avoid ACEs
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IE Acute Et
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MCC Staph Aureus
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IE after 60d of valve sx Et
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MCC Staph Aureus
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IE in IVDU Et
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Tricuspid w/ Staph Aureus
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IE Prophylaxis drugs
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beta-lactam (amox), clinda or azithro
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IE Prophylaxis indications
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Unrepaired cyanotic heart dz, valve replacement, h/o IE
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IE Subacute Et
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MCC Strep viridans
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IE within 60d of valve sx Et
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MCC Staph Epidermidis or Staph Aureus
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Libman-Sacks disease
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Endocarditis with Verrucous lesions with focal necrosis, associated with SLE
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MI Anterior Dx
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V1-V6, no reciprocal changes.
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MI Anterior Et:
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LAD occlusion
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MI Inferior Dx:
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Leads II, III, avF
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MI Inferior Et:
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RCA occlusion
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MI Laterl Dx:
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I and avL, reciprocal in inferior leads.
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MI RVI Dx:
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V1 ST elevation; R EKG w/ V3R-V6R ST elevation
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MI RVI Et:
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RAD occlusion
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MI RVI S/Sx:
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hypotension, JVD, clear lung sounds
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MI RVI Tx:
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NTG contraindicated, otherwise same as STEMI
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Murmur a/w Corrigan sign
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Bounding pulses in AR
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Murmur a/w de Musset's sign
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Head bobbing in AR
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Murmur a/w Duroziez sign
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Femoral bruit a/w AR
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Murmur a/w Quincke sign
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Pulsating nail bed w/ elevation of nail a/w AR
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Murmur a/w wide pulse pressure
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AR
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Murmur AR Dx
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Blowing diastolic murmur. CXR w/ dilated LV. Echo.
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Murmur AR Et
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Rheumatic, Syphilis, Marfan syn.
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Murmur AR S/Sx
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CP, palpirations, DOE. Wide pulse pressures. Head bobbing (de Musset). bounding pulses (Corrigan). pulsating nail bed (Quincke). Femoral bruit (Duroziez).
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Murmur AR Tx
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vasodilators or valve repair/replacement.
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Murmur AS vs MR
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AS radiates to carotids, MR radiates to axilla
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Murmur Austin-Flint Dx
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blowing diastolic murmur w/ mid-diastolic rumble
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Murmur Austin-Flint Et
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AR leading to blood hitting mitral valve
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Murmur Austin-Flint Tx
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Indicates aortic valve replacement needed
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Murmur TR Dx
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LLSB blowing holosystolic murmur (incr w/ inspiration), echo
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Murmur TR Et
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Rheumatic
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Murmur TS Dx
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LLSB, Opening snap & diastolic rumble (incr w/ inspiration), echo
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Murmurs MR Dx
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apical holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla, Echo
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Murmurs MR Et
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MVP or ischemic heart dz
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Murmurs MR S/Sx
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A-fib, LV dilation, LVHF
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Murmurs MR Tx
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Valve repair or replacement, will not benefit those w/ LVHF
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Murmurs S3
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Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), MR, LVHF
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Murmurs S4
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Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
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NYHA Stage I:
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No limitations
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NYHA Stage II:
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Extra-ordinary activities cause symptoms
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NYHA Stage III:
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Normal activities cause symptoms
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NYHA Stage IV:
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S/Sx at rest
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Overriding Aorta
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VSD opening into aorta
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PDA Dx
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Continuous machinery murmur, echo
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PDA Et
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Preterm, Congenital Rubella, a/w Down Syn
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PDA Tx
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Indomethacin to close. Sx if symptomatic.
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Shock Cardiogenic Dx
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Incr PCWP, JVD, SVR, Decr CO
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Shock Neurogenic Dx:
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low CO, PCWP, & SVR
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Shock Septic Dx
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high CO, low SVR, PCWP
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Subclavian Steal Syn Dx
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U/S (initial), angiography of the subclavian artery (confirmatory)
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Subclavian Steal Syn Et
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Obstruction of the subclavian artery proximal to the vertebral artery
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Subclavian Steal Syn S/Sx
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Syncope or CNS effects when exercising affected arm. Arm claudication. BP lower in affected arm.
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Subclavian Steal Syn Tx
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Angioplasty, stent placement, or surgical bypass
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Takayasu Dx
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CTA, MRA
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Takayasu Et
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Autoimmune arteritis
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Takayasu Tx
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Steroids
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TAPVR DX
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CXR w/ snowman or figure-8. CTA, TEE.
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TAPVR Et
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all 4 pulmonary veins drain into systemic veins or the RA. ASD or formen ovale required for survival.
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TAPVR Tx
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PGE1 to keep PDA open, Sx reconnection of pulm vv to LA
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Tetraology of Fallot Et
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Pulm stenosis, RVH, VSD, Overriding Aorta
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Tetraology of Fallot Sx
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Cyanotic, Tet spells (cyanosis during crying or feeding)
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TGA Et
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Pulmonary Artery and Aorta reversed, MC with GDM, Req PDA, VSD or ASD
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TGA Tx
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Prostaglandins to keep PDA open (alPROSTadil or misoPROSTol), Sx correction
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TGA Dx
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Narrow mediatinum w/ large oviod heart (egg-on-string). Echo is diagnostic
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