Step 2 Factoids O

Front 1

GI troubles associated with henoch schonlein

Back 1

intussusception and GI bleed

Front 2

metabolic acidosis post seizure.
next step?

Back 2

nada. it resolves

Front 3

heart irregularity cuased by massive PE

Back 3

RV dilatation

Front 4

immunosuppressive rx that leads to

tremor
gum hypertrophy
hirsuitism

Back 4

cyclosporine

Front 5

immunosuppressive rx that leads to

diarrhea
leukopenia
hepatotoxicity

Back 5

azathioprine

Front 6

immunosuppressive rx that leads to

bone marrow suppresion

Back 6

mycophenolate

Front 7

accumulation of ammonia
production of flase neurotransmitters
increased sensitivity to GABA
zinc deficiency

Back 7

hepatic encephalopathy

Front 8

most important factor in AAA

Back 8

smoking (>HTN), even though it results from athero

Front 9

is the pain when appendicities points visceral or somatic

Back 9

somatic (with peritoneum)

(visceral is referred)

Front 10

increased Ca++ associated with which lung ca

Back 10

Squamous sCa++mous

Front 11

superimposed on healing lesions of atopic dermatitis in presence of HSV

Back 11

eczema herpeticum

Front 12

rx toxicity with

tremor
hyperreflexia
ataxia
seizures

Back 12

lithium

Front 13

rx toxicity with

horizontal nystagmus
cerebellar ataxia
confusion

Back 13

phenytoin

Front 14

rx toxicity with

slurred speech
unsteady gait
drowsy
mild respiratory depression

Back 14

benzo

Front 15

hereditary blood disorder that can present with cholecystitis

tx?

Back 15

hereditary spherocytosis

splenectomy and folic acid supplementation

Front 16

HTN
55 y/o male
no MD for 15 years
vaccines?

Back 16

Td
Pneumo
Flu

Front 17

bug that people with hemachromatosis are susceptible to

Back 17

listeria

(a long list of iron cells)

Front 18

effect of Reye's on liver

Back 18

extensive fatty vacuolization

Front 19

balloon degeneration with PMN cellular infiltrate

Back 19

acute alcoholic hepatitis

Front 20

panlobular mononumclear infiltration wtih hepatic cell necrosis

Back 20

acute viral hepatitis

Front 21

piecemeal necrosis, leading to
septal fibrosis, leading to
bridging fibrosis

Back 21

chronic active hepatitis

Front 22

heavy lymphocytic infiltrate in portal tracts

associated with inflammatory, granulomatou destruction of small and medium intrahepatic biliary ducts

Back 22

PBC

Front 23

test for pheylketonuria

Back 23

Guthrie test

Front 24

main cause of anemia in ESRD pts

Back 24

decreased EPO

Front 25

side efects of EPO

Back 25

increased HTN
headache
flu-like
red cell aplasia

Front 26

rx for PSVT

Back 26

vagal manoeuvres, leading to
adenosine

Front 27

young child
flulike illness
tissue necrosis
worsening myocardial function
holosystolic murmur

Back 27

myocarditis

Front 28

suspect esophageal rupture
next step?

Back 28

gastrografin contrast esophagram

Front 29

contraindication for succinylcholine

Back 29

increased K or states conducive to it, et.
- crush or burn injuries
- demyelinating
- tumor lysis syndrome

Front 30

gram + branching rods

Back 30

nocardia

no to no meas positive
heart (cardia) branches out

Front 31

tx for nocardia

Back 31

bactrim

Front 32

stones, bones, groans and psychiatric overtones

Back 32

increased Ca++

Front 33

post MI rupture leading to tamponade

Back 33

ventricular free wall rupture

Front 34

post MI reupture leading to VSD

Back 34

interventricular wall rupture

Front 35

rapid onset pulseless electrical activity post MI

tx

Back 35

pericardial tamponade as a result of free wall rupture

rapid diagnosis and pericardiocentesis

Front 36

5 days after MI
new holosystolic murmur at apex

Back 36

papillary muscle rupture

Front 37

systemic embolization days to months after MI

Back 37

ventricular aneurysm

)also akinesis and ventricular arrhythmias)

Front 38

bleeding time is about

Back 38

platelet formation

Front 39

when you do a bleeding time test

Back 39

platelet type bleeds and normal platelet count

Front 40

what does ristocetin cheon on?

when is it used?

Back 40

checks if VWF is sticky enough

used if platetelt bleeding and normal platelet count

Front 41

rx causing allergic interstitial nephritis

Back 41

penicillin
sulfa
rifampin
allopurinol
quinidine

Front 42

first step if low plt count suspected

Back 42

prednisone

Front 43

isolated decreased platelet count in healthy person with normal size spellen

Back 43

ITP

Front 44

decreased platelet count with bowel or brain leed in ITP.

tx?
can you give platelets?

Back 44

IVIG = fastest way to lift plt count
= rhogam

don't give platelets because they'll just get eaten up

Front 45

plt type of bleeding with normal platelet count

Back 45

von Willibrand disease

Front 46

rxx that can reveal VW disease

Back 46

aspirin

Front 47

test for VW disease

Back 47

bleeding time

Front 48

HIT test tests for

Back 48

C14 serotonin release assay

Front 49

factor level test for

Back 49

clotting factor deficiency

Front 50

tx for increased bleeding time and decreased VWF is

Back 50

DDAVP

mechanism is increased release of subendo stores of VIII and VWF

Front 51

e amnio caproic acid used for?

Back 51

fibrinolysis

Front 52

first test fo hemophilia

Back 52

PTT

Front 53

elevated PTT.
What's the problem?
What test do you do?
How does it work?

Back 53

mixing study
mix with normal if corrects to normal then its a deficiency

Front 54

tx for hemophilia

Back 54

factor VIII (severe) or DDAVP (mild)

Front 55

what goes up with hemolysis

Back 55

LDH
bilirubin
retics

Front 56

what goes down with hemolysis

Back 56

platelets

Front 57

which change is the main problem in hemolysis

Back 57

pleatelet decrease

Front 58

most accurate test for DIC

Back 58

ddimer
fibrin split products`

Front 59

tx in DIC

Back 59

replace what' being consumed NOT heparin
so give plts + FFP

Front 60

plts wnl
coags wnl
plt kind of bleeding

Back 60

acquired storage pool disorder

Front 61

Ib or 2b/3a receptors missing

Back 61

galnzman
bernard woulier

Front 62

effect of uremia on plts

Back 62

can't work
can't release granules

Front 63

tx for uremia leadign to an acquired storage pool disorder

Back 63

desmopression

it increases vWF and factor VII (?)

Front 64

PE
pt on heparin
HIT develops
next step

Back 64

stop heparin
switch to argatroban (or hirudin, lipirudin), a direct acting thrombin inhibitor

Front 65

test for HIT

Back 65

Plt facto IV assay

Front 66

anemia
uremia
thronbocytopenia

Back 66

hemolytic uriemic syndrom

Front 67

hemolysis,
uremia
thrombocytopenia
fever
AMS

Back 67

TTP

Front 68

what splits the vWF from platelets

Back 68

ADAMTS 13

Front 69

PT PTT in
HUS
TTP
DIC

Back 69

wnl
wnl
increased

Front 70

in hemolysis
bilirubin?
LDH?
Haptoglobin?

Back 70

up
up
down

Front 71

tx for HUS TTP

Back 71

ffp (to replace ADAMTS)
or plasmapharesis

Front 72

rx that can cause TTP HUS

Back 72

clopidogrel
ticlopidine

Front 73

clot creator
preserver
destroyer

Back 73

thrombin
factor 13
plasmin

Front 74

what comes along with flushing in carcinoid

Back 74

hypotension

Front 75

palpitations
sweating
tachy
no hypertension

Back 75

insulinoma

Front 76

episodic HTN

Back 76

pheochromycytoma

Front 77

what makes eyes stick out in proptosis with graves

Back 77

mucopholysaccharide

Front 78

most common side effect of proptosis

Back 78

corneal ulcers

Front 79

tx for proptosis

Back 79

1) steroids
2) external beam radiation

Front 80

thickened skin, some edema

tx?

Back 80

pretibial myxedema

topical steroids and graves control

Front 81

1 leg red

Back 81

cellulitis

Front 82

thyroid levels in goiter

Back 82

either up or down
not graves

Front 83

thyroid tenderness

Back 83

subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)

(silent thyroiditis is silent)

Front 84

TSH down
T4 up
RAIU up

Back 84

Graves

Front 85

TSH up
T4 down
RAIU up

Back 85

tumor making TSH

Front 86

TSH down
T4 up
RAIU down

Back 86

silent and subacute thyroiditis

Front 87

thyroid in silent/subacute

Back 87

injured, not hyperfunctioning
just leaking out

Front 88

wide complex tachycardia with no p waves

Back 88

thyroid something

Front 89

P waves at 100/min no always w QRS at 30-40

Back 89

complete heart block

Front 90

narrow complex tachycardia with no set p waves
R-R irregularly irregular

intial tx?

Back 90

a fib in thyroid

tx is propranolol

Front 91

multifocal atrial tachycardia

Back 91

COPD

Front 92

best test for graves

Back 92

radioactive uptake

Front 93

hyperthyroidism - best tx?

Back 93

propylthiouracil or
methmiazole

Front 94

mechanism of propulthiouracil or methimazole

Back 94

block thyroperoxidase that ? iodide

Front 95

T2 or T4:
which has longer half life
which is more active

Back 95

T4 has longer half life so more of it in blood
T3 is more active (not protein bound)

Front 96

rx for thyroid storm

Back 96

1) steroids (blocks T4-T3) +
2) radioactive iodine....
... to block
3) PTU to block thyroidperoxidase
4) propranolol to inhibit target organ effect

Front 97

when is surgery used for hyperthyroid

Back 97

airway compression
pregnancy

Front 98

bad side effect of PTU/methimazole

Back 98

neutropenia

Front 99

mechanism of cretinism

Back 99

not enough T4 in developing brain

Front 100

only organs after uterine development/birth that don't need thyroxine for metabolic rate

Back 100

gonads
uterus
brain

Front 101

only hormone in body not made in pulsatile

Back 101

T4

Front 102

Tx fo cretinism

Back 102

T4 to 6 mos.

after that nothing can be done

Front 103

thyroid nodule
first test?
if TFTs normal?
hyper?

Back 103

TFT

biopsy

block with PTU

Front 104

what thyroid nodule is neither benign nor malignant?

tx?

Back 104

follcular

excisional biopsy
take the whole thing cause you have to see active area

Front 105

medullary.

what next? Why?
how to find it?
how to deal with it while doing thyroid surgery

Back 105

check for pheo by plasma and urine catecholamines because excision in presence of pheo would lead to hypertensive crisis

MIBG scanning for extra-adrenal ones

phenoxybenzamine (peripheral alpha blocker) to prevent hypotensive crisis

Front 106

levothyroxine and cardiac disease unrecognized leads to

Back 106

MI

Front 107

tx for skin findings in Graves

Back 107

steroids

Front 108

effect of TSH exogenous on pituitary? thyroid?

Back 108

shuts off pituitary

involutes the thyroid

Front 109

role of renin

Back 109

antiotensinogen to ang I

Front 110

role of ACE

Back 110

in the lung it converts angiotensin I to II

Front 111

role of ARBS

Back 111

inhibit angiotensin II to aldosterone

blocks aldosterone

Front 112

precursor to vasopression

Back 112

ang II
vasopressin from pituitary

Front 113

role of aldosterone

Back 113

Na and water reabsorbed in DCT and CD

Front 114

hypotension
JVD
muffled heart sounds
pulsus paradoxus

Back 114

tamponade

Front 115

flumenazil is for

Back 115

benzos

Front 116

murmur that increases with valsalva

Back 116

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 117

malnourished
confused
ataxia

first step

Back 117

Wernickes

thiamine

Front 118

weakness
fatigue
cold intolerance
constipation
decreased HR
skin dry and rough
nails brittle
hair thing

+ hyperpigmentation
- hyperpigmentation

Back 118

+ is primary adrenocortical insufficiency (glococorticoid deficiency and hypothyroid)

- is secondary adrenal insufficiency (hypothyroid or pituitary failure)

Front 119

weakness
fatigue
depression
irritability
lymphocytosis
eosinophilia

Back 119

glucocorticoid deficiency

Front 120

hypersegmented neutrophils

Back 120

folate/B12

Front 121

crescendo-decrescendo murmur at LLSB

Back 121

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 122

effect of valsalva

Back 122

decreases preload

Front 123

abnormality of valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 123

abnormal leaflet motion of MV

Front 124

motor diarrhea

Back 124

hyperthyroid

Front 125

osmotic diarrhea

Back 125

lactose intolerance

Front 126

watery diarrhea post seafood

Back 126

vibrio parahemolyticus

Front 127

diarrhea from daycare

Back 127

shigella

Front 128

diarrhea from pork ingestion

Back 128

yersinia

Front 129

diarrhea from undercooked infected poultry

Back 129

campylobacter

Front 130

screening tool for osteoporosis

Back 130

DEXA scan

Front 131

hempotysis and a murmur

associated with which arrhythmia

Back 131

MS
A fib (2/2 left atrial dilation)

Front 132

bug for mucormycosis

Back 132

rhizopus

Front 133

bug for sinusitis

Back 133

1) h flu
2) moraxella

Front 134

haptoglobin in hemolysis

Back 134

down

Front 135

MVA leading to patchy alvoelar infiltrates

Back 135

pulmonary contusion

Front 136

cyanosis at birth

Back 136

TGV

Front 137

how does CHF lead to effusion

Back 137

decreased output
increased hydrostatic pressure in pulm vasculature
transudate from pulm capillaries
alveolar spaces

Front 138

most common predisposing factor leading to bacterial sinusitis

Back 138

URI

Front 139

heart med to avoid in lung disease

Back 139

amiodarone

Front 140

1st step for SIADH

Back 140

remove causative agent
fluid restriction

Front 141

step is SIADS if

-severely symptomatic

Back 141

hypertonic saline

Front 142

lung cancer associated with SIADH

Back 142

small cell

Front 143

mode of killing of encapsulated organisms

Back 143

phagocytosis

Front 144

3 main encapsulateds

Back 144

s pneumo
n meningitidis
h flu

Front 145

kind of killing decreased in
and inheritance pattern in

CGD
LAd
DiGeorge

Back 145

intracellular (x linked)

chemotaxis (AR) you LeAD in LAD
cell mediated immunity

Front 146

NADPH oxidase deficient in

Back 146

CGD

Front 147

dental surgery leads to endocarditis. Likely bug?

Back 147

strep mutans (a strep viridans)

Front 148

strep associated with colon cancer

Back 148

bovis

Front 149

bug in prosthetic valve endocarditis

Back 149

s epidermidis

Front 150

fever
chills
LUQ pain
splenic fluid collection

Back 150

endocarditis with infarcts to the spleen

Front 151

new onset diabetes II with decreased renal fun

1st med?

with increased weight?

Back 151

not metformin

sulfonylurea, TZD, insulin

Front 152

+TPO antibodies with enlarged rubbery thyroid

Back 152

hashimotos

Front 153

associated risk in hashimotos

Back 153

thyroid lumphoma

Front 154

doughnut sign of thyroid

Back 154

thyroid lymphoma

Front 155

what to track to monitor progress of DKA tx

Back 155

anion gap

Front 156

high pitched
blowing
early
eiastolic
decrescendo
murmur
in left 3rd intercolstal space
-intensified by hand grip

Back 156

AR (Diastolic Decrescendo)

Front 157

what does hand grip cause?

Back 157

increased afterload

Front 158

widened pulse pressure

Back 158

AR

Front 159

screening for ovarian cancer?

Back 159

none

Front 160

tingling toes after folic acid tx that does increase Hgb

Back 160

B12 deficiency, which should have been checked for

Front 161

recommended rx for cirrhotic pt with varices

Back 161

beta blocker