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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anti GBM antibodies
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Goodpastures
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differential for decreased K and HTN
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primary hyperaldo
renovascular disease renin-secreting tumor syndrome of apparent mineralcorticoid excess forms of CAH steroid-suppressible hyperaldo |
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increased aldo
decreased plasma renin activity |
hyperaldo
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increased aldo
increased plasma renin activity |
renovascular diseases
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decreased K
metabolic alkalosis normal BP increased urine Cl |
Bartters
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pathophys of Barrters
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defection of sodium reabsorbed in TAL
decreased volume activates RAAS increased H and K secretion |
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RR
Narrow QRS No Ps id? tx? |
SVT
adenosine/carotid massage |
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wide QRS tachycardia. Rx
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amiodarone
lidocaine |
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post MI pericarditis.
ID? Rx? |
Dressler
NSAIDS (steroids if non responsive) |
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neonatal hepatitis association
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alpha 1 AT deficiency
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in lungs, how to measure compliance?
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end-inspiratory ?
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in lungs, how to measure airway resistance?
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peak pressure
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in lungs, how to measure end-expiratory pressure
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PEEP
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mechanism of QRS elongation in TCA use
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inhibitor of fast Na channels
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how does sodium bicarb treat TCA o/d
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inhibition of fast na channels
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how does sodium bicarb treat aspirin o/d
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urine alkalization leads to salicylae excretion
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rx for CMV esophagitis
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ganciclovir
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days post MI for free wall rupture
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3-7
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days post MI for papillary muscle rupture
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3-7
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days post MI for ventricular aneurysm
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days-months
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days post MI for acute pericarditis
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first several days
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woman with
htn agitation restless poor sleep headaches weight gain |
cushings - HTN
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vaccines for CF kid
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annual influenza
all others like any other kid |
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anemic pt
what kind of blood to give |
PRBC
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Hgb goal for patients with heart disease
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10
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pseydohyphae
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candida
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cystic hydromas
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Turners
Downs |
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face/arm swelling
engorged chest wall veins next step |
SVC syndrome
CXR |
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JVD
distant heart sounds hypotnesion |
becks triad
tamponade |
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most likely cause of SVC
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SCLC
NHL |
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decrescendo type diastolic murmur
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AR
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first step when suspecting aortic dissection
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TEE
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acid base irregularity with aspirin o/d
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mixed
respiratory alkalosis anion gap metabolic acidosis note there's a near normal pH |
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2 main differences between IgA nephropathy and post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Iga <5 days
vs 10 days to 3 weeks |
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side effects of cyclophosphamide
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bladder cancer
hemorrhagic cystitis 2/2 acrolein sterility myelosupression |
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cisplatin/carboplatin side effect
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cochlear dysfunction
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aminoglycoside side effect
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cochlear dysfunciton
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beta blockers side effect
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reynauds
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phenytoin side effect
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peripheral neuropathy
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ergotomine side effect
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reynauds
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cyclosporine side effect
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gout
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vincristine side effect
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peripheral neuropathy
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JVD and Kussmaul sign
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RVF
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pulmonary edema with PCWP>18
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2/2 LVF
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pulmonary edema with PCWP <18
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non-cardiac, especially ARDS
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valvular lesion from rhematic fever
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MS
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next step in hemorrhagic stroke 2/2 aspirin/warfarin
don't do what? |
FFP
lower BP |
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non bleeding varices (esophageal/gastric)
tx? |
propranolol
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carpal tunnel
increased menstrual flow constipation |
hypothyroid, leading to
myxedema, leading to matrix substance deposits in carpal tunnel, leading to carpal tunnel syndrome |
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best proven method of increased survival in COPD
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oxygen therapy
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bug for viral arthritis with no inflammatory markers
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parvo
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side effect of sidenafil
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optic neuropathy
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GERD pt with narrowing at distal esophagus
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peptic structure
(GERD predisposes) |
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signs of hyper estrogen in an alcoholic
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gynecopmastia
palmar creases spider angiomata testicular atrophy decreased body hair |
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mallory bodies
vacuolated hepatocellular nuclei macrovesicular statosis |
alcholol liver disease
AND wilsons |
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MMR vaccine and AIDS- how to give
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give it even thought parts are live if CD >200. Risk of death with disease outweighs
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tx for foreign body aspiration in child
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rigid bronchoscopy
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side effect of amlodipine (Ca++ channel blockers)
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peripheral edema
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infection from soil or rotting wood
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blasto
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caves
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histo
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infection from fungus in soil mold
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histo
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bat droppings
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histo
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palatal ulcers
LAD pancytopenia hepatosplenomegaly |
histo
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multiple nodules on CXR/skin lesions
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blasto
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dizziness, vertigo, ear fulness, annoyance
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Menieres
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cyanotic or not?
VSD PDA TOF TGA |
VSD, PDA not
TOF, TGA yes |
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otherwise healthy 21 year old male with 4 rubbery non-tender 1 cm lymph nodes.
next step |
observe for changes
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otherwise healthy woman with isolated increased Ca in urine and nephrolithiasis
tx |
increased fluids
Na+ restrict thiazides |
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umbilical stump infection leads to spasms and hypertonicity
dx? bug? |
neonatal tetany
c. tetani |
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febrile pt with lower back pain
LE weaknes incontinency dx? tx? |
epidural abscess
abs, surgical decompression |
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IgA deficiency predisposes to
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giardia and URI
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complement C3 deficiency predisposes to
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severe, recurrent pyogenic bacterial respiratrory and (gum?skin?) infections
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complement C5-C8 deficiency predisposes to infections with
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neisseria
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multiple nodules on CXR/skin lesions
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blasto
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dizziness, vertigo, ear fulness, annoyance
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Menieres
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cyanotic or not?
VSD PDA TOF TGA |
VSD, PDA not
TOF, TGA yes |
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otherwise healthy 21 year old male with 4 rubbery non-tender 1 cm lymph nodes.
next step |
observe for changes
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otherwise healthy woman with isolated increased Ca in urine and nephrolithiasis
tx |
increased fluids
Na+ restrict thiazides |
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umbilical stump infection leads to spasms and hypertonicity
dx? bug? |
neonatal tetany
c. tetani |
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febrile pt with lower back pain
LE weaknes incontinency dx? tx? |
epidural abscess
abs, surgical decompression |
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IgA deficiency predisposes to
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giardia and URI
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complement C3 deficiency predisposes to
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severe, recurrent pyogenic bacterial respiratrory and (gum?skin?) infections
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complement C5-C8 deficiency predisposes to infections with
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neisseria
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C1 complement deficiency predisposes to
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hereditary angiodema
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phagocytosisdeficiency leads to
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severe pyogenic vacterial infections
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contraindication to ralosifene
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DVT
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why is bone scan not useful in pt with sap bubble sign seen on tibial xray
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only good for detecting solid tumor mets
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soap buble appearance on long bone?
dx prognosis |
giant cell tumor
benign but locally aggresssive |
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pain and swelling directly over patella
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prepatellar bursitis
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localized pain over anteromedial tibia
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anserine bursitis
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knee pain aggravated by valgus stress
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collateral ligament injury
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painlessblisters
increased skin fragility on dorsal surfaces of hands facial hypertrichosis hyperpigmentation often associated with hepC dx? tx? |
porphyria cutanea tarda
phlebotomy hydroxychloroquine interferon alpha |
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pruritic papules and vesicles
appearing mainly on elbows, nees, buttocks, posterior neck, scalp |
dermatitis herpetiformis
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eye correlate of histo
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retinal damage
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eye correlate of AS
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naterior uveitis
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eye correlate of sarcoid
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anterior uveitis
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UTI/pyelo not responsive to meds x 3 days.
next step? |
renal u/s
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medullary thyroid cancer
increased calcitonin pheo pth normal dx associated with? |
mucosal neuroma
marfanoid |
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MEN2a
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medullary thyroid
pheo 1prioary parathyroid |
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MEN2b
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medullary thyroid
pheo mucosal neuroma and marfans |
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MEN1
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pancreatic islet cell
pituitary adenoma hyper parathyroid |
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most comon cause of systolic HF
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MI
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gene being MEN 1
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menin
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most common coause of diastolic HF
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HTN
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S3
sound etiology |
kentucky
acutee pulmonary edema |
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fixed split S2
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ASD
S in aSd is a fixed splitter between 2 |
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key tx for pulmonary edema
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)2 adn volume decrease
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freely mobile fluid on decubitus film
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effusion
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most accurate test for effusion
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thoracentesis
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test to differentiate pna from effusion
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decubitus film
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ABG changes mgmt in CHF? COPD?
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not in CHF
Yes in COPD because you want to see if there is CO2 retention |
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is echo helpful in acute management of CHF
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no. It would need to tell you how to change mgmt and it doesn't. All it tells you is if it's diasolic vs. systolic
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rx for diastolic dysfunction
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digoxin
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what test would change mgmt in CHF? how?
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EGG, showing arrhythmia, pointing to need for cardioversion
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tx for Afib
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cardioversion
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tx for aflutter
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cardioversion
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tx for SVT
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cardioversion
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tx for VT
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cardioversion
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when do you shock a person
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hemodynamic instability
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indication for synchronized shock
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all except vfib
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short PR, pre-excitation
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WPW
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SVT-Vtach alternating
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WPW
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SVT worse with Ca++ blocker
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WPW
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SVT and Vtach
best initial tx most definitive tx |
procainamide
radiofrequency catheter ablation (it's like laser hair removal for the heart) |
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sawtooth
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a flutter
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can atrial arrhythmias lead to pulmonary edema
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yes in a person with CHF!
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why morphine in pulmonary edema
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dilates pulmonary veins so blood not pushed into alveoli
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first test to see if there's HF
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BNP. If normal, no CHF. But cause could be other thing
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most accurate EF measure
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nuclear ventriculogram
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acute pulmonary edema not responsive to O2 and preload reduction.
next step? why? why not dopamine? digoxin? |
dobutamine, to increase contractility and decreased afterload
not domapine because of increased afterload not digoxin because that is for chronic heart rate control |
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what CHF meds decrease mortality
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ACE, spironolactone
beta blocker if EF is low |
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#1 cause of death in CHF
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vtach
ischemia mediated arrhythmia (another reason for beta blockers) |
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patient got all rx for pulmonary edema, including diuretics and digoxin
dilated cardiomyopathy wide QRS tx? |
biventricular pacemaker
amiodarone only for acute situation |
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encainide for?
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nada. always the wrong answer
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Left to R shunting through VSD in infant.
Dx |
Eisenmengers
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speckled pattern of septum
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amyloid
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restrictive cardioyopathies
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sarcoid
amyloid hemachromatosis cancer and fibrosis |
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wwhat's of no use in dilated cardiomyopathy
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artery bypass
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causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
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adriamycin
chagas radiation |
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murmur improves on squatting and worse with valsalva
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HOCM
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most common presentation of HOCUM
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shortness of breath
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site of murmur of HOCUM
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LLSB (TC)
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tx/manoever to improve murmur of HOCM
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hand grip because
increased afterload blood keeps ventricle ore full anything that keeps the heart more full helps |
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definitive treatment for HOCM
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implantable cardioverter defibrillator
or surgical septoplasty (alcohol injection by catheter) |
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ACE and ARBs cause what? how?
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hyperkalemia
both inhibit aldosterone which makes you absorb Na and excrete potassium |
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hydralazine causes
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vasodilation
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nitrates cause
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dilation of coronaries
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