Step 2 1St Aid Mnemonics

Front 1

Difference between RBBB and LBBB?

Back 1

WiLLiaM MaRRoW: W qrs pattern in V1-V2 and M qrs patern in V3-V6 for LBBB; M qrs pattern in V1-V2 and W pattern in V3-V6 for RBBB

Front 2

Management of A-Fib

Back 2

ABCD: Anticoagulate, B-Blockers, Cardiovert/Calcium Channel blockers, Digoxin

Front 3

Causes of A-Fib

Back 3

PIRATES: Pulmonary disease, Ischemia, Rheumatic heart disease, Anemia/Atrial myxoma, Thyrotoxicosis, Ethanol, Sepsis

Front 4

Causes of CHF

Back 4

HEART FAILED: Hypertension, Endocrine, Anemia, Rheumatic heart disease, Toxins, Failure to take meds, Arrhythmia, Infection, Lung (embolism), Electrolytes, Diet (excess Na+)

Front 5

Acute CHF management

Back 5

LMNOP: Lasix, Morphine, Nitrates, Oxygen, Pulmonary ventilation

Front 6

CABG Indications

Back 6

DUST: Depressed ventricular function, Unable to perform PCI (diffuse disease), Stenosis of left main coronary artery, Triple-vessel disease

Front 7

Hypertension Treatment

Back 7

ABCD: Ace-Is/Arbs, B-Blockers, Calcium Channel blockers, Diuretics

Front 8

Causes of Secondary Hypertension

Back 8

CHAPS: Cushing’s syndrome, Hyperaldosteronism, Aortic coarctation, Pheochromocytoma, Stenosis of renal arteries

Front 9

Pericarditis Signs

Back 9

PERIC: Pulsus paradoxus, ECG changes, Rub, Increased JVP, Chest pain

Front 10

Pericarditis Causes

Back 10

CARDIAC RIND: Collagen vascular disease, Aortic dissection Radiation, Drugs, Infections, Acute renal failure, Cardiac (MI), Rheumatic fever, Injury, Neoplasms, Dressler’s syndrome

Front 11

Aortic stenosis complications

Back 11

ASC: Angina, Syncope, Congestive Heart Failure

Front 12

Causes of Aortic Regurgitation

Back 12

CREAM: Congential, Rheumatic damage, Endocarditis, Aortic dissection, Aortic root dilatation, Marfan’s syndrome

Front 13

Classic Endocarditis Presentation

Back 13

FAME: Fever, Anemia (splenomegaly), Murmur (new onset), Emboli (systemic)

Front 14

Signs of Acute Ischemia

Back 14

6 Ps: Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Paresthesia, Poikilothermia

Front 15

Melanoma Signs

Back 15

ABCD: Asymmetric, Border (irregular), Color (irregular), Diameter (>6mm)

Front 16

Most Comon Thyroid Neoplasm

Back 16

Papillary: Papilae (branching), Palpable lymph nodes, “Pupil” nuclei (“Orphan Annie”), Psammoma bodies, Positive Prognosis

Front 17

MEN Organs

Back 17

Pancreas, Pituitary, Parthyroid

Front 18

Adrenal Crisis Management

Back 18

4 S’s: Salt (nl saline), Steriods (IV hydrocortisone 100 q8h), Support, Search for the underlying illness

Front 19

Pheochromocytoma: Rule of 10s

Back 19

10%: extra-adrenal, bilateral, malignant, children, familial

Front 20

Pheochromocytoma: 5 Ps

Back 20

Pressure (BO), Pain (headache), Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor/diaphoresis

Front 21

Informed Consent Features

Back 21

BRAIN: Benefits Risks Alternatives Indications Nature

Front 22

4 D’s of malpractice

Back 22

Duty, Dereliction, Damage, Direct Cause

Front 23

PUD Complications

Back 23

HOPI: Hemorrhage, Obstruction, Perforation, Intractable pain

Front 24

Wilson’s Disease

Back 24

ABCD: Asterixis, Basal ganglia deterioration, Ceruloplasmin low, Cirrhosis, Copper up, Carciinoma (hepatocelluar), Choreiform movements, Dementia

Front 25

Ranson’s Criteria

Back 25

On Admission: GA LAW (Glucose >200, Age>55, Ldh>350, Ast>250, Wbc>16), C HOBBS (Ca<8, Hematocrit-down by 10%, PaO2<60, Base excess>4, Bun-up by 5, Sequestered fluid>6L)

Front 26

Signs of Platelet vs. Coag factor disfunction

Back 26

Petachiae suggest Platelets, body Cavity bleeding suggests Clotting factor

Front 27

Causes of Microcytic Anemia

Back 27

Thalassemia, Iron deficeincy, Chronic disease, Sideroblastic anemia

Front 28

Eosinophilia causes

Back 28

NAACP: Neoplasm Asthma Collagen vascular disease Parasites

Front 29

TB Drugs

Back 29

RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

Front 30

AIDS Pathogens

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The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse: Toxoplasma, Mac, PCP, Candida, Cryptococcus, TB, Cmv, Cryptosporidium

Front 31

Common UTI bugs

Back 31

SEEKS PP: Serratia E.coli, Enterbacter, Klebsiella, S.saphrophyticus, Pseudomonas, Proteus

Front 32

Endocarditis Presentation

Back 32

JR=NO FAME: Janeway lesions, Roth;s spots, Nail-bed hemorrhage, Osler’s nodes, Fever, Admia, Murmur, Emboli

Front 33

Endocarditis Surgery Indications

Back 33

PUS RIVER: Prothetic valve, Uncontroleed infection, Suppurative local comlications with conduction abnormalities, Resection of mycotic anuerysm, Inefective abx, Vlvular damage, Embolization, Refractory CHF

Front 34

6 P’s of compartment syndrome

Back 34

Pain, Pallor, Paresthesias, Poikilothermia, Paralysis, Pulselessness

Front 35

Limp ddx

Back 35

Septic joint, Tumor, Avascular necrosis, Rheumatoid arthritis/JRA, Tuberculosis, Sickle Cell disease, SCFE, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Psteomyelitis, Trauma, Toxic synovitis

Front 36

CREST syndrome

Back 36

Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasisas

Front 37

SLE Criteria

Back 37

DOPAMINE RASH: Discoid rash, Oral ulcers, Photosensativity, Arthritis, Malar rash, Immunologic criteria, Nuerologic symptoms, Elevated ESR Renal disease, ANA+, Serositis, Hematologic abnormalities

Front 38

4 D’s of posterior circulation stroke

Back 38

Diploplia, Dizziness, Dysphagia, Dysarthira

Front 39

MS Treatment

Back 39

ABC: Avonex/Rebif, Betaseron, Copaxone

Front 40

Guillain-Barre features

Back 40

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy, Ascending paralysis, Autonomic neuropathy, Arrhythmias, Albumionocytologic dissociation

Front 41

Dementia 5 A’s

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Aphasia AMnesia Agnosia Apraxia Abstract thought disturbances

Front 42

Dementia ddx

Back 42

DEMENTIAS: neuroDegenerative diseases, Endocrine, Metabolic, Exogenous, Neoplasm, Truama, Infection, Affective disorders, Stroke/Structural

Front 43

Active labor phase factors

Back 43

Power Passenger Pelvis

Front 44

HELLP syndrome

Back 44

Hemolysis Elevated Lfts Low Platelets

Front 45

Post-partum fever: 7 Ws

Back 45

Womb (endomyometritis), Wind (atelectasis, oneumonia), Water(UTI), , Walk (DVT/PE), Wound, Weaning (breast engogement, abcess, mastitis), Wonder drugs (drug fever)

Front 46

Menopause Signs

Back 46

HAVOC: Hot flashes, Atrophy of the Vagina, Osteoporosis, Coronary artery disease

Front 47

Amsel’s criteria (BV)

Back 47

Whitish gray discharge, pH>4.5, positive whiff test, clue cells (>20%)

Front 48

Urinary Incontinence Causes

Back 48

DIAPPERS: Delirium, Infection, Atrophic, Pharmaceutical, Psychiatric, Excessive urinary output, Restricted mobility, Stool impaction

Front 49

Non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

Back 49

3 D’s: vsD, asD, pDa

Front 50

Cyanotic heart disase (congenital)

Back 50

5 T’s and 1 P: Truncus arteriosus, Transposition of the great arteries, Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Pulmonary atresia

Front 51

DiGeorge Syndrome

Back 51

CATCH 22: Cardiac abnormalities, Abnormal facies, Thymic aplasia, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia, 22q11 deletion

Front 52

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 52

PROVe: Pulmonary stenosis, Rvh, Overriding aorta, Vsd

Front 53

Meckel’s rule of 2’s

Back 53

age<2, 2x in males, 2 tissue types (gastric/pancreatic), 2 inches long, 2 feet of ileocecal valve, 2% population

Front 54

Kawasaki disease symptoms

Back 54

CRASH and BURN: Conjunctivitis Rash Adenopathy Strawberry tongue Hands and feet (red, swollen, flaky skin) Burn (fever>40 for >5 days)

Front 55

APGAR

Back 55

Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiratory effort

Front 56

Delirium Causes

Back 56

I WATCH DEATH: Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic/substance Abuse Trauma Cns pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrine Acute vascular/mi Toxins/drugs Heavy metals

Front 57

Depression Sx

Back 57

SIG E CAPS: Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy Concentration Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidal

Front 58

TCA Toxicity

Back 58

Tri-C’s: Convulsions Coma Cardiac arrhythmias

Front 59

Mania Sx

Back 59

DIG FAST: Distractibility, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activities/psychomotor Agitation, Sexual indiscretion, Talkativeness

Front 60

Personality disorder characteristics

Back 60

MEDIC: Maladaptive, Enduring, Deviates from cultural norms, Inflexible, Causes impariment in social or occupational functioning

Front 61

Substance dependence

Back 61

WITHDraw IT: Withdrawal, Interest/Important, Tolerance, Harm, Desired to cut down, Intended, Time spent obtaining

Front 62

CAGE

Back 62

Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty, Eye opener

Front 63

Suicide Risk factors

Back 63

SAD PERSONS: Sex, Age, Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol/substance, Rational, Sickness, Organized, No spouse, Social support lacking

Front 64

Restrictive Lung Disease Causes

Back 64

PAINT: PLeural, Alveolar, Interstitial, Neuromuscular, Thoracic wall

Front 65

Sarcoid features

Back 65

GRUELING: Granulomas, aRthritis, Uveitis, Erythema nodosum, Lymphadenopathy, Interstitial fibrosis, Negative tb test, Gammaglobulinemia

Front 66

Obstructive Lung disease causes

Back 66

ABCT: Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis, Tracheal or bronchial obstruction

Front 67

Asthma exacerbation meds

Back 67

ASTHMA: Albuterol, Steroids, Theophylline, Humidified O2, Magnesium, Anticholinergics

Front 68

Bronchiectasis ddx

Back 68

BRONCHIECTASIS: Bronchial cyst, Repeated gastric acid aspiration Or due to foreign bodies Necrotizing pneumnia Chemical corrosive substances, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immotile cilia syndrome, Eosinophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Tuberculosis, Atopic bronchial asthma, Strep pneumo, In Young;s syndrome, Staph pneumo

Front 69

COPD Tx

Back 69

COPD: Corticosteriods, Oxygen, Prevention (smoking/vaccines), Dilators

Front 70

ARDS dx

Back 70

ARDSL Acute onset, Ratio (PaO2/FiO2<200), Difuse infiltration, Swan-ganz wedge pressure< 18mmHg

Front 71

Virchow’s triad

Back 71

VIR: Vascular trauma, Increased coagulability, Reduced blood flow (stasis)

Front 72

Lung cancer mets sites

Back 72

BLAB: Bone, Liver, Adrenals, Brain

Front 73

Pneumothorax signs

Back 73

P-THORAX: Pleuritic pain, tracheal deviation, Hypperresonance, Onset sudden, Reduced breath sounds, Absent fremitus, X-ray shows collapse

Front 74

Hypernatremia Causes

Back 74

6 D’s: Diuretics Dehydration Diabetes insipidus Docs (iatrogenic) Diarrhea Disease (kidney, sickle cell)

Front 75

Treatment of hyperkalemia

Back 75

C BIG K: Calcium, Bicar, Insulin, Glucose, Kayexalate

Front 76

Hypercalcemia causes

Back 76

CHIMPANZEES: Calcium supp., Hyperparathyroidism, Iatrogenic/Immobility, Milk-alkali syndrome, Paget’s disease, Addison’s disease/Acromegaly, Neoplasm, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Excess vitamin A, Excess vitamin D, Sarcoidosis

Front 77

Anion gap acidosis causes

Back 77

MUDPILES: Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde, Intoxiation, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylates

Front 78

Urgent dialysis indications

Back 78

AEIOU: Acidosis, Elecrolyte abnormalities, Ingestions, Overload, Uremic symptoms

Front 79

Hematuria differential

Back 79

S2T3T3: Strictures, Stones, Infection, Inflammation, Infarction, Tumor, Trauma, TB