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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Sawtooth" P waves
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Atrial flutter
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Unstable angina
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New, worsening, or occurs at rest
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Antihypertensive for diabetic patient with proteinuria
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ACEI
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Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD
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Beck's triad - cardiac tamponade
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Drugs that slow AV node transmission
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Beta-blockers, digoxin, and CCBs
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S/E of niacin
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Flushing and pruritis
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Systolic ejection murmur heard along lateral sternal border that increases with Valsalva maneuver and standing
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HOCM
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Diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing murmur best heard sitting up; increases with decreased preload (e.g. handgrip maneuver)
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Aortic stenosis
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Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or carotids
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MR
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Mid- to late low-pitched diastolic murmur
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MS
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Treatment for atrial fibrillation or flutter
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Cardiovert if unstable. Rate control with beta-blockers or CCBs if stable or chronic.
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Treatment for ventricular fibrillation
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Immediate cardioversion
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Fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR 2-4 weeks post-MI
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Dressler's syndrome - autoimmune
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IV drug user p/w JVD and holosystolic murmur at left sternal border. Tx?
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Treat heart failure and replace tricuspid valve
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Diagnostic test for HOCM
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Echo
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Pulsus paradoxus
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A fall in systolic BP > 10mmHg with inspiration - seen in cardiac tamponade
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Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation on EKG
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Pericarditis
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Definition of HTN
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BP > 140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart
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Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit
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Abdominal US and CT
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Indications for surgical repair of AAA
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> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured
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Metabolic syndrome
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Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, and prothrombotic or proinflammatory state
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Target LDL in diabetic pt
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< 70
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Signs of active ischemia during stress testing
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Angina, ST-segment changes on EKG, or decreased BP
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EKG findings suggestive of MI
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ST elevation, flattened T waves, Q waves
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Coronary territory of LAD
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Anterior wall and septum
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Coronary territory of PDA
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Inferior wall
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Coronary territory of left circumflex and RCA
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Posterior wall
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ST-segment elevation with normal cardiac enzymes
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Prinzmetal's angina
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Common sx of silent MI
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CHF, shock, altered mental status
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Coagulation parameter affected by warfarin
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PT
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Endocarditis prophylaxis
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Oral surgery - amox; GI/GU procedure - amp/gent prior and amox after
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6 P's of ischemia from PVD
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Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia
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Virchow's triad
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Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
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MCC of HTN in young women
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OCPs
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MCC of HTN in young men
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EtOH
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"Stuck on" appearance
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Seborrheic keratosis
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Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins
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Psoriasis
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MC type of skin cancer
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BCC
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Pearly-colored papule with translucent surface and telangiectasias
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BCC
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Positive Nikolsky's sign
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Negative Nikolsky's sign
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Bullous pemphigoid
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Flat-topped papules
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Lichen planus
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Iris-like target lesions
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Erythema multiforme
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Adolescent p/w annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs
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Alopecia areata (autoimmune)
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Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back; "spaghetti-and-meatballs" on KOH
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Pityriasis versicolor
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A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to SCC
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Actinic keratosis
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"Dewdrops on a rose pedal"
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Primary varicella
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Treatment for cradle cap
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Antifungals (if any)
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Inflammation and epithelial thinning of anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women
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Lichen sclerosis
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Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second MC type of skin cancer
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SCC
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"Stuck on" appearance
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Seborrheic keratosis
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Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins
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Psoriasis
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MC type of skin cancer
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BCC
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Pearly-colored papule with translucent surface and telangiectasias
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BCC
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"Stuck on" appearance
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Seborrheic keratosis
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Positive Nikolsky's sign
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins
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Psoriasis
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Negative Nikolsky's sign
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Bullous pemphigoid
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MC type of skin cancer
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BCC
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Flat-topped papules
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Lichen planus
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Pearly-colored papule with translucent surface and telangiectasias
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BCC
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Iris-like target lesions
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Erythema multiforme
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Positive Nikolsky's sign
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Adolescent p/w annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs
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Alopecia areata (autoimmune)
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Negative Nikolsky's sign
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Bullous pemphigoid
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Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back; "spaghetti-and-meatballs" on KOH
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Pityriasis versicolor
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Flat-topped papules
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Lichen planus
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A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to SCC
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Actinic keratosis
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Iris-like target lesions
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Erythema multiforme
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"Dewdrops on a rose pedal"
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Primary varicella
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Adolescent p/w annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs
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Alopecia areata (autoimmune)
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Treatment for cradle cap
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Antifungals (if any)
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Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back; "spaghetti-and-meatballs" on KOH
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Pityriasis versicolor
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A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to SCC
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Actinic keratosis
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Inflammation and epithelial thinning of anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women
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Lichen sclerosis
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"Dewdrops on a rose pedal"
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Primary varicella
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Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second MC type of skin cancer
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SCC
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Treatment for cradle cap
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Antifungals (if any)
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Inflammation and epithelial thinning of anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women
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Lichen sclerosis
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Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second MC type of skin cancer
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SCC
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"Stuck on" appearance
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Seborrheic keratosis
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Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins
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Psoriasis
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MC type of skin cancer
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BCC
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Pearly-colored papule with translucent surface and telangiectasias
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BCC
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Positive Nikolsky's sign
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Negative Nikolsky's sign
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Bullous pemphigoid
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Flat-topped papules
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Lichen planus
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Iris-like target lesions
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Erythema multiforme
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Adolescent p/w annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs
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Alopecia areata (autoimmune)
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Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back; "spaghetti-and-meatballs" on KOH
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Pityriasis versicolor
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A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to SCC
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Actinic keratosis
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"Dewdrops on a rose pedal"
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Primary varicella
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Treatment for cradle cap
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Antifungals (if any)
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Inflammation and epithelial thinning of anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women
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Lichen sclerosis
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Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second MC type of skin cancer
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SCC
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MCC of hypothyroidism
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Lab findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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High TSH, low T4, antimicrosomal antibodies
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Exopthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH
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Graves' disease
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1st and 2nd MCC of Cushing's syndrome
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1) Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration; 2) Cushing's disease
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Pt c/o HA, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals HTN and tetany; labs reveal hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis
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Primary hyeraldosteronism (2/2 Conn's syndrome or b/l adrenal hyperplasia)
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Hyponatremia in euvolemic post-op pt
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SIADH 2/2 stress
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Antidiabetic agent a/w lactic acidosis
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Metformin
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Pt p/w new weakness, N/V, wt loss, and skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Tx?
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Replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids (pt has primary adrenal insufficiency)
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Goal HbA1c for pt w/ DM
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< 7.0
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Tx of DKA
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Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g. K+)
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NNT
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1/(rate in untreated group - rate in treated group)
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In which pts do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early?
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Pts w/ IBD, FAP, HNPCC, or first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps that presented at <60yo
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MC cancer in men and MCC of death from cancer in men
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Prostate is the MC cancer; lung cancer is the MCC of death from cancer
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Fertility rate
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Number of live births per 1000 females (15-44 yo) per yr
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Neonatal mortality rate
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Number of deaths from birth to age 28d per 1000 live births per yr
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Postnatal mortality rate
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Number of deaths from 28d to 1yo per 1000 live births per yr
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Infant mortality rate
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Number of deaths from birth to 1yo per 1000 live births per yr (= neonatal + postnatal mortality rates)
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Fetal mortality rate
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Number of deaths from 20wks EGA to birth per 1000 total births per yr
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Perinatal mortality rate
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Number of eaths from 20wks EGA to 1mo of age per 1000 total births per yr
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Maternal mortality rate
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Number of deaths during pregnancy to 90 days postpartum per *100,000* live births per yr
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A 15yo pregnant girl requires hospitalization for pre-eclampsia. Is parental consent required?
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No. Parental consent is not required for medical tx of pregnant minors.
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Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization can be undertaken for which 3 reasons?
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Danger to self, danger to others, or gravely disabled (unable to provide basic needs)
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When can an MD refuse to continue tx on grounds of futility?
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When there is no rationale for tx, maximal intervention is failing, a given intervention has already failed, and tx will not achieve goals of care.
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