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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Napthalene
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In mothballs.
Causes functional hyposplenia and the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies seen in RBC smear. |
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Heparin Overdose
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Protamine sulfate - positively charged molecule that binds negatively-charged heparin.
Heparin toxicities include bleeding, thrombocytopenia (HIT), osteoporosis, and drug-drug interactions. HIT - development of IgG antibodies against heparin bound to platelet factor 4. Ab-heparin-PF4 complex activates platelets --> thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. |
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Warfarin OD:
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Vitamin K.
For rapid reversal of severe warfarin OD, use fresh frozen plasma. Warfarin interferes with normal synthesis and gamma carboxylation of Vitamin K-dep clotting factors (2,7,9,10 + ptns C and S), thus is an antiocoagulant. |
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Reversal agent for thrombolytics (streptokinase, tPA, rPA, TNK-tPA)?
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Aminocaproic acid - inhibits fibrinolysis.
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Iron poisoning: Symptoms (acute and chronic), MOA, and likely cause of exposure.
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Sx:
Acute: gastric bleeding, hematemesis, and hypovolemic shock (and possibly death) Chronic: Metabolic acidosis (6-72 hours), Scarring leading to GI obstruction (2-8 weeks). MOA: Cell death due to peroxidation of membrane lipids. Cause: one of the leading causes of fatality from toxilogic agents in children - when they ingest Mom's prenatal vitamins or Fe replacements by accident. |
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Zinc deficiency: (sorry, not a toxin but still relevant).
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Delayed wound healing (needed for zinc fingers in ptn transcription).
Decreased immune function hypogonadism Rash: ANUS MOUTH NOSE EYES Dysgeusia Anosmia Anorexia Decreased adult hair (pubic, armpit, etc) Decreased mental functioning Infertility Growth retardation (esp in children) decreased night vision. |
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Calcium overdose:
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similar to hyperparathyroidism:
stones (kidney), groans (constipation), bones ( ? ), and psychiatric overtones (?) |
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Calcium deficiency (sorry, not a toxin but still relevant):
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tetany
neuromuscular junction irritability (spasticity) Trousseaus' sign: BP cuff causes carpopedal spasm Chvostek's sign: facial nerve tapping causes facial muscle contraction |
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Lead poisoning:
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LEAD:
Lead Lines on gingivae (Burton's lines) and epiphyses of long bones on X ray. Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia Drops - wrist and foot. Other sx: decreased IQ, hearing problems, growth impairment, impaired peripheral nerve functioning, decreased hgb synthesis --> colic and abd pain, anemia, nephropathy, encephalopathy, and death. MOA: inhibits ferrochetalase and ALA dehydratase --> decreased heme synthesis. Also inhibits rRNA degradation, causing RBCs to retain aggregates of rRBA(basophilic stippling). High risk in kids who live in homes with chipped paint built before 1978. Rx: Kids:: Succimer, EDTA, and Dimercaprol (if severe) Adults: Succimer and EDTA |
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Mercury poisoning
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Accumulates in KIDNEY AND BRAIN
nephropathy neuropsych sx (tremor, excitability, and insomnia) Acrodynia (peeling of fingertips - like Kawasaki's) Abdominal pain Sources: Fish at the top of the food chain (shark, swordfish, tilefish, king mackarel) - C/I in pregnancy -organic form easier to assimilate Old thermometers, batteries -inorganic form easily sublimates (don't vacuum it up) |
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Arsenic poisoning:
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Poison of kings:
toxic to GI, CV SYSTEM, AND CNS SYSTEM Acute OD: - multi-system organ failure, ATP production is disrupted Long-term low grade exposure: - high risk of cancer in every tissue - especially LUNGS AND SKIN - basal cell carcinoma - squamous cell carcinoma |
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Cadmium poisoning:
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Toxic to LUNG, KIDNEY, AND BONE
Obstructive lung disease d/t destruction of alveolar macrophages. increased risk of lung cancer osteoporosis /osteomalacia 5% of US pop has low levels of cadmium contributing to subtle kidney injury. |
