Step 1 - Pharm - Antihypertensives

Front 1

MoA of hydralazine

Back 1

Smooth muscle relaxant. Increases cGMP (like NO). Vasodilates arterioles > veins, thereby reducing afterload.

Front 2

MoA of minoxidil

Back 2

Smooth muscle relaxant. Opens K+ channels (hyperpolarizing cells, lowering their Tz and thereby relaxing them)

Front 3

MoA of nifedipine

Back 3

Calcium channel blocker. Block voltage-gated L-type Ca channels, thereby reducing contractility.

Front 4

MoA of calcium channel blockers

Back 4

Reduce contractility by blocking voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels

Front 5

MoA of verapamil

Back 5

Calcium channel blocker

Front 6

MoA of diltiazem

Back 6

Calcium channel blocker

Front 7

MoA of nitroglycerin

Back 7

Venodilator, reduces preload. Releases NO, causing increase in cGMP.

Front 8

MoA of isosorbide dinitrate

Back 8

Venodilator, reduces preload. Releases NO, causing increase in cGMP.

Front 9

MoA of nitroprusside

Back 9

Short-acting venodilator. Direct release of NO

Front 10

MoA of fenoldopam

Back 10

Stimulates D1 receptors, relaxing renal smooth muscle

Front 11

MoA of diazoxide

Back 11

Smooth muscle relaxant. Opens K+ channels (hyperpolarizing cells, lowering their Tz and thereby relaxing them)

Front 12

These three drugs are used in the treatment of malignant HTN

Back 12

Nitroprusside, fenoldopam, diazoxide

Front 13

These are the calcium channel blockers

Back 13

Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

Front 14

This drug is first line treatment for HTN in pregnancy, given with methyldopa

Back 14

Hydralazine

Front 15

These drugs cause compensatory/reflex tachycardia and are thus contraindicated in angina/CAD

Back 15

Hydralazine, minoxidil

Front 16

This antihypertensive can cause a Lupus-like syndrome

Back 16

Hydralazine

Front 17

This drug causes hypertrichosis as its side effect

Back 17

Minoxidil

Front 18

This calcium channel blocker affects the heart more than the vascular smooth muscle

Back 18

Verapamil [verapamil=ventricle]

Front 19

This calcium channel blocker affects the vessels more than the heart

Back 19

Nifedipine

Front 20

This calcium channel blocker is not used for arrhythmias

Back 20

Nifedipine

Front 21

These antihypertensives are used to treat Pinzmetal's angina

Back 21

Calcium channel blockers

Front 22

These antihypertensives are used to treat Raynaud's

Back 22

Calcium channel blocker

Front 23

Side effects of calcium channel blockers

Back 23

Cardiac depression, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation

Front 24

These drugs can be used as aphrodisiac and erection enhancers

Back 24

Nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate

Front 25

These antihypertensives are used to treat pulmonary edema

Back 25

Nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate (venodilators)

Front 26

These chemicals are associated with "Monday disease" when a patient is exposed to them in their work environment

Back 26

Venodilators (nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate). The person's vessels get used to the vasodilating action during the work week, but lose tolerance over the weekend

Front 27

This antihypertensive is associated with fetal renal toxicity

Back 27

Losartan, ACE inhibitors

Front 28

This antihypertensive is associated with cyanide toxicity

Back 28

Nitroprusside

Front 29

This antihypertensive vasodilator is associated with hyperglycemia because it reduces insulin release

Back 29

Diazoxide

Front 30

This calcium channel blocker is associated with AV block and constipation

Back 30

Verapamil

Front 31

This antihypertensive is associated with pericardial effusion

Back 31

Minoxidil

Front 32

These antihypertensives cause salt and fluid retention

Back 32

Minoxidil (K-channel opener), hydralazine (cGMP activator, vasodilator)

Front 33

This drug causes 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension

Back 33

Prazosin

Front 34

This antihypertensive causes sexual dysfunction and diarrhea

Back 34

Guanethidine (reduces release of catecholamines)

Front 35

This antihypertensive causes sedation and depression

Back 35

Reserpine (depletes catecholamines)

Front 36

This antihypertensive causes positive Coombs' test

Back 36

Methyldopa

Front 37

This drug causes severe rebound hypertension

Back 37

Clonidine
(because it's centrally acting)

Front 38

These antihypertensives are ototoxic

Back 38

Loop diuretics

Front 39

This antihypertensive causes hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia

Back 39

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 40

This antihypertensive causes mild hyperlipidemia

Back 40

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 41

These are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide

Back 41

Hypokalemia, mild hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia
("hyperGLUC")