Step 1 - Microbiology

Front 1

Glycocalyx

Back 1

mediates adherence to surfaces esp foreign surfaces

Front 2

Mycoplasma

Back 2

Contains sterols and have NO CELL WALL

Front 3

Mycobacteria

Back 3

contains mycolic acid and high lipid content

Front 4

Giemsa stains

Back 4

stains Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, chlamydia

Front 5

PAS stain

Back 5

used to diagnose Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)

Front 6

Ziehl Neelsen stain

Back 6

acid fast organisms

Front 7

India ink

Back 7

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 8

Silver stain

Back 8

fungi (pneumocystis, legionella)

Front 9

H. influenzae culture requirement

Back 9

chocolate agar with factors V (Nad+) and X (hematin)

Front 10

N. gonorrhoeae culture requirement

Back 10

VPN media / thayer -martin;
vancomycin - inhibits gram + organisms
Polymyxin - inhibits gram - organisms
Nystatin - inhibits fungi

Front 11

B. pertussis culture requirement

Back 11

bordet gengou (potato) agar

Front 12

C. diptheriae culture requirement

Back 12

tellurite plate, loffler's media

Front 13

M. tuberculosis culture requirement

Back 13

Lowenstein-jensen agar

Front 14

M. pneumoniae culture requirement

Back 14

Eaton's requirement

Front 15

Lactose fermenting enterics culture requirement

Back 15

pink colonies on macconkey's agar, fermentation produces acid, turning plate pink

Front 16

E. coli culture requirement

Back 16

eosin-methyline blue agar as blue black colonies with metallic sheen

Front 17

Legionella culture requirement

Back 17

charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine

Front 18

Fungi culture requirement

Back 18

sabouraud's agar

Front 19

Olibgate aerobes

Back 19

nocardia, pseudomonas aeroginosa, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and bacillus: nagging pests must breathe

Front 20

P. aeruginosa

Back 20

aerobe, burn wounds, nosocomial pneumonia, pneumonias in CF pts

Front 21

Obligate anaerobes

Back 21

clostridium, bacteroides, and actinomyces (anaerobes can't breathe air), lack catalase/superoxide dismutase , foul smelling, difficult to culture, produce gas in tissue , normal flora in GI tract

Front 22

Obligate intracellular

Back 22

"stay inside when it is REALLY COLD"
rickettsia, chlamydia;
can't make their own ATP

Front 23

facultative intracellular

Back 23

"some nasty bugs may live facultatively"
salmonella, neisseria, brucella, mycobacterium, listeria, francisella, legionella

Front 24

Encapsulated bacteria

Back 24

"some killers have nice shiny bodies"
streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus infleunzae type B, neisseria meningitidis, salmonella, group B strep

Front 25

urease positive bugs

Back 25

"particular kinds have urease"
proteus, klebsiella, h. pylori, ureaplasma

Front 26

pigment producing bacteria

Back 26

Actinomyces israelii - yellow "sulfur" granules
S. aureus - yellow
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - blue/green
Serratia marcescens - red

Front 27

Protein A

Back 27

secreted by S. aureus to bind to Fc region of Ig so that it prevents the bacteria from being phagocytized

Front 28

IgA protease

Back 28

secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN) to colonize respiratory mucosa

Front 29

M Protein

Back 29

helps prevent phagocytosis; secreted by group A streptococcus

Front 30

diseases with exotoxins

Back 30

tetanus, botulism, diptheria

Front 31

diseases with endotoxins

Back 31

meningococcemia, sepsis by gram neg rods

Front 32

Superantigens

Back 32

bind directly to MHC II and T cell receptor to activate T cells to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL-2

Front 33

S. aureus

Back 33

is both catalase + and coagulase +; secretes protein A

Front 34

S. pneumoniae - most commonly causes

Back 34

MOPS
meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis

Front 35

Viridians

Back 35

alpha hemolytic; normal flora of oropharynx, dental caries (s. mutans) subacute bacterial endocarditis (s. sanguis), optochin resistant

Front 36

S. pyogenes (group A streptococci)

Back 36

causes:
pyogenic - pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
toxigenic - scarlet fever, toxic shock -like syndrome
immunologic - rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis ,
bacitracin sensitive

Front 37

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 37

Group B streptococci, bacitracin resistant, beta hemolytic, colonizes vagina, causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis
mainly in babies,
produes CAMP factor

Front 38

Enterococci

Back 38

normal colonic fora, penicillin resistant, causes UTI and endocarditis

Front 39

VRE - vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Back 39

imp cause of nosocomial infection

Front 40

Streptococcus bovis (group D streptococci)

Back 40

colonizes the gut, causes bacteremia, subacute endocarditis in colon cancer pts