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213 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gaucher's cell (macrophages that look like crumpled tissue paper) - seen in Gaucher's disease
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Foam cells - Niemann-Pick disease
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Oval yeasts within macrophages - Histoplasmosis
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Renal papillary necrosis
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Peyer's patches - lymphoid tissue found in lamina propria & submucosa of ileum
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Abdominal CT
A - Ascending colon B - Pancreatic head/uncinate process C - IVC D - Aorta E - Antrum of stomach F - Small intestine G - Descending colon |
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Target cells in beta-thalassemia
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"Crew-cut" on x-ray showing hematopoiesis in the skull - in sickle cell anemia & beta-thalassemia major
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Ringed sideroblast - sideroblastic anemia
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Schistocytes ("helmet cells") - hemolytic anemia
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RBCs with increased central pallor - microcytic hypochromic anemia
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Hypersegmented neutrophil - megaloblastic anemia
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spherocytes (dense round RBCs without central pallor) in hereditary spherocytosis
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Elliptocytes - hereditary elliptocytosis
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Sickle cells & target cells - sickle cell anemia
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Howell-Jolly bodies - seen in splenic dysfunction
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Basophilic stippling
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bone marrow replaced by adipose - aplastic anemia
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ring form of malaria inside RBC
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Atypical lymphocytosis - seen in infectious mononucleosis
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Auer rod - Acute myelogenous leukemia
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Cerebriform nuclei - in Sezary syndrome
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hairy cell leukemia
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Smudge cells - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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African form of Burkitt's lymphoma involving the jaw
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starry sky appearance of reactive histiocytes + neoplastic B cells - Burkitt's lymphoma
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Follicular lymphoma
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Myelofibrosis
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Classic Reed Sternberg cells (multilobed cell with prominent nucleoli) - seen in Hodgkin lymphoma
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Nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin lymphoma
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Lacunar cells - seen in nodular sclerosing HL
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lytic bone lesions in skull - multiple myeloma
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Tennis-racket shaped Birbeck granules on EM - seen in a langerhans histiocytosis
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Koilonychia/spoon nails - iron deficiency anemia
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Blue/violet dermal plaques in Kaposi's sarcoma - HHV8 infection
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(brain)
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Pseudopalisading necrosis - Gliobastoma multiforme
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Lymphoblasts - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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A - SVC
B - Right atrium C- aortic arch D - left pulmonary artery E - left atrium F - left ventricle |
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A - esophagus
B - trachea C - lung hili D - heart silhouette E - lung apices F - scapulae G - thoracic vertebra H - intervertebral foramen I - posterior ribs J - costophrenic angles arrows = diaphragm |
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A - right bracheocephalic vein
B - manubrium C - trachea D - Bracheocephalic trunk E - left common carotid artery F - esophagus G - left subclavian artery H - ribs I - upper thoracic vertebra J - scapula |
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Nerves & what they innervate
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1 - Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) -> serratus anterior
2 - Suprascapular nerve coming off of superior trunk 3 - Lateral pectoral n coming off lateral cord -> pectoralis major 4 - Upper subscapular nerve -> subscapularis 5 - Thoracodorsal n -> latissimus dorsi 6 - Lower subscapular nerve -> teres major 7 - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) -> biceps, coracobrachialis, flexors of arm/forearm 8 - Axillary nerve -> deltoid & teres minor 9 - Radial nerve -> triceps & extensors 10 - Median nerve -> pronators & thenar mm of hand 11 - Ulnar nerve -> interosseous mm, hypothenar mm |
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1 - stratum corenum
2 - stratum lucidum 3 - stratum granulosum 4 - stratum spinosum 5 - stratum basale |
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1 - tight junction/zonula occludens
2 - adherens junction/zonula adherens 3 - desmosomes/macula adherens |
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1 - phalanges
2 - metacarpals 3 - capitate 4 - hamate 5 - pisiform 6 - triquetrum 7 - lunate 8 - scaphoid 9 - trapezium 10 - trapezoid |
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A - C8
B - C7 C - C6 D - C5 E - T1 F - C8 |
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Clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria) - Gardnerella vaginalis infection
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Blue sclera - osteogenesis imperfecta
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Thickened bone - osteopetrosis
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Mosaic pattern of bone - Paget's disease
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Thickened bone with shaggy areas of radiolucency - Paget's disease
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Area of increased bone density containing fracture site - avascular necrosis of bone
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Bone outgrowth with cartilage cap - osteochondroma
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Codman's triangle (tumor lifting off periosteum) + sunburst appearance - osteosarcoma
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(bone)
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Pleomorphic cells producing osteoid - osteosarcoma
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Onion-skinning - Ewing's sarcoma
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Mass in medullary space of small bone of hand - Chondroma
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Ulnar deviation & joint swelling - rheumatoid arthritis
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Bamboo spine (fused vertebrae) - ankylosing spondylitis
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Pencil in cup deformity of DIPs - psoriatic arthritis
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Bullseye rash - erythema chronicum migrans in Lyme disease
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Tophi (white chalky deposits of uric acid crystals in soft tissue around joint) - chronic gout
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(skin)
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Hyperkeratosis & parakeratosis (retention of nuclei) - Psoriasis
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Well-demarcated salmon-colored plaques with silver scales - Psoriasis
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Inflammation at dermal-epidermal junction (sawtooth appearance) - Lichen planus
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Planar purple papules with white reticular pattern - Lichen planus
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A - quadriceps femoris
B - femur C - articular cartilage D - anterior cruciate ligament E - lateral collateral ligament F - fibula G - patella H - posterior cruciate ligament I - meniscus J - patellar ligament K - medial collateral ligament L - tibia |
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Clubbing of fingers
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A - Z line
B - H zone C - I band D - A band E - M line |
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Vesicles & bullae on oral mucosa - pemphigus vulgaris
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Epidermis separated from basal layer - pemphigus vulgaris
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Blister between epidermis & dermis - bullous pemphigoid
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Tense bullae that don't rupture - bullous pemphigoid
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Bullae with targetoid appearance - erythema multiforme
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Coin-like raised pigmented lesion with stuck-on appearance - seborrheic keratosis
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pseudocysts of keratin - seborrheic keratosis
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velvety darkened skin - acanthosis nigricans
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raised nodule with central crater - basal cell carcinoma
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Nodule with peripheral palisading - basal cell carcinoma
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ulcerated nodule - squamous cell carcinoma
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Molluscum bodies - molluscum contagiosum due to poxvirus
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Broad-based budding - blastomycosis
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Spherules filled with endospores - Coccidiodomycosis
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Captains wheel budding yeast - Paracoccidiomycosis
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spaghetti & meatballs - Malassezia furfur
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Pseudohyphae with budding yeasts - Candida albicans
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Germ tubes - Candida albicans
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acute (45 deg) angle branching - Aspergillus
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Conidiophore with radiating chains of spores - Aspergillus
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Yeasts with wide capsular halos & unequal budding - Cryptococcus
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Disc-shaped yeasts forms on silver stain - Pneumocystis jirovecii
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Cigar & round-shaped budding yeast - Sporothrix schenkii
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1 - Anterior communicating artery
2 - Anterior cerebral artery 3 - middle cerebral artery 4 - Internal carotid artery 5 - Posterior communicating 6 - Posterior cerebral 7 - Superior cerebellar 8 - basilar 9 - Anterior inferior cerebellar 10 - Vertebral 11 - Posterior inferior cerebellar 12 - anterior spinal |
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Enlarged posterior fossa + absent cerebellum - Dandy-Walker malformation
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Lacunar infarcts
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bleeding on bottom of brain - subarachnoid hemorrhage
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diffuse cerebral atrophy with narrowed gyri & widened sulci - alzheimer's
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loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra - Parkinson's
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atrophy of caudate with enlargement of lateral ventricles (hydrocephalus ex vacuo) - Huntington's
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(brain)
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spongy degeneration of neurons & glial cells - prion disease
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tumor crossing corpus callosum - glioblastoma multiforme
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(brain)
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swirling meningoepithelial cells & psammoma bodies - meningioma
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(brain)
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cells with fried egg appearance - oligodendroglioma
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cystic lesion with mural nodule in cerebellum - pilocytic astrocytoma
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Rosenthal fibers (thick eosinophilic processes of astrocytes) - pilocytic astrocytoma
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perivascular pseudorosettes - ependymoma
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red (apoptotic) neurons
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hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobe - herpes simplex encephalitis
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(in AIDS pt)
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multiple enhancing lesions in brain - toxoplasmosis encephalitis
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central pontine myelinolysis
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neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's
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Epidural hematoma
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Crescent shaped hemorrhage that crosses suture lines & causes midline shift - subdural hematoma
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smiley face trophozoite - Giardia lamblia
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Cyst with multiple nuclei - Entamoeba histolytica
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cysts on acid-fast stain - Cryptosporidium
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ring form & maltese cross - Babesia microti
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macrophages containing amastigotes - Leishmania donovani
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owls eye basophilic intranuclear inclusions - Cytomegalovirus
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hydatid cyst in liver - infection with Echinococcus granulosus
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Hydronephrosis
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hysterosalpingogram showing bicornuate uterus
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ballooned heart on CXR - dilated cardiomyopathy
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cardiac myocyte disarray - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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banana-shaped ventricles - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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apple green birefringence - amyloidosis
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hyperplastic onion skinning - malignant HTN
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mediastinal widening - aortic dissection
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orphan annie nuclei (empty appearing) - papillary carcinoma of thyroid
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double bubble on X ray - duodenal atresia
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meckel's diverticulum
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abdominal contents protruding through umbilicus covered by peritoneum + amnion - omphalocele
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"bird's beak" with barium - achalasia
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blunted villi + crypt hyperplasia - celiac sprue
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PAS (+) foamy macrophages in lamina propria - Whipple's disease
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lots of outpocketings in colonic mucosa - diverticulosis
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thousands of polyps in colon - familial adenopolyposis syndrome/variants
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"apple core" in colon - colon cancer (left-sided)
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regenerative nodules + bridging fibrosis - liver cirrhosis
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mallory bodies (arrows) + ballooned hepatocytes - alcoholic hepatitis
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kayser-fleischer ring in cornea - wilson's disease
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(liver)
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PAS (+) diastase-resistant pink globules in hepatocytes - A1AT deficiency
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"nutmeg liver" with centrilobular congestion
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abnormal scar hypertrophy - keloid
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honey colored lesions with crusting - impetigo
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IF showing reticular/netlike pattern - pemphigus vulgaris
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inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat on anterior shin/leg - erythema nodosum
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lamellar bone arranged in osteons with haversian canals
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loss of trabecular bone density - osteoporosis
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"Erlenmeyer flask" bones (flare out) - osteopetrosis
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"soap bubble" lesion on X-ray - giant cell tumor of bone
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(bone)
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multinucleated giant cells + spindle-shaped cells - giant cell tumor of bone
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Heberden's nodules on DIPs - osteoarthritis (no DIP involvement w/ RA)
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asteroid body - sarcoidosis
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Heliotrope rash on eyelids - dermatomyositis
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subepithelial humps on EM - post-strep glomerulonephritis
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crescents - rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
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linear IF - Goodpasture's (anti-GBM)
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"tram-tracking" of GBM - Type I Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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dense mesangial immune complex deposits on EM - type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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diffuse capillary & glomerular thickening on LM - membranous glomerulonephritis
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spike & dome on silver stain - membranous glomerulonephritis
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effacement of foot processes on EM - minimal change disease
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focal sclerosis + hyalinosis - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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acute tubular necrosis
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eosinophilic casts in tubules (thyroidization) - chronic pyelonephritis
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nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules) - diabetic nephropathy
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golden yellow tumor on kidney - renal cell carcinoma
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polygonal clear cells filled with lipid - renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)
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multiple fluid-filled cysts on kidneys - adult polycystic kidney disease
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staghorn calculi (magnesium ammonium phosphate stone)
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mitral valve with fusion of commissures & fibrosis - rheumatic heart disease
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ground glass hepatocytes with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm - hepatitis B
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adenomatous polyp with fibrovascular stalk, tubular & villous components
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hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs (heart failure cells) - seen with increased pulmonary capillary pressure (left heart failure)
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symmetrical dilation of all ventricles - normal pressure hydrocephalus
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hyperlucent lung & mediastinal deviation toward opposite side - tension pneumothorax
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enlarged alveoli & thin septa - emphysema
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curschmann spiral - asthma
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charcot-leyden crystals - asthma
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bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy + interstitial infiltrates - sarcoidosis
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eggshell calcification of hilar lymph nodes - silicosis
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ferruginous/asbestosis bodies (asbestos fibers coated with iron) - asbestosis
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calcified pleural plaques - asbestosis
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hyaline membranes + fluid in alveoli - ARDS
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(in appendix)
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nests or sheets of uniform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm & stippled nuclei - carcinoid tumor
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1) mitochondria
2) rough ER 3) lipid droplets |
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banana-shaped gametocyte - plasmodium (malaria)
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Ascaris lumbricoides egg
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lip hyperpigmentation - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
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peaked T waves - hyperkalemia
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thumb sign on X-ray - epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
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1 - caudate nucleus
2 - internal capsule 3 - putamen 4 - globus pallidus 5 - optic tract 6 - amygdala 7 - temporal lobe 8 - lateral ventricles |
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slapped cheeks rash - erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19)
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"steeple sign" - croup (parainfluenza virus)
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Cavernous hemangioma (liver)
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lipid droplets at tips of villi - abetaliproproteinemia
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marrow with plasma cells (w/ clockface chromatin) - multiple myeloma
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senile purpura
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yellow discoloration of midbrain - kernicterus
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achilles tendon xanthoma - hypercholesterolemia
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thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger's)
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port wine nevus in trigeminal nerve distribution - Sturge Weber syndrome
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oral hairy leukoplakia (can't be scraped off)- EBV (in HIV pts)
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trophozoite with ingested RBCs - entamoeba histolytica (probably in a liver abscess)
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calcifications in pancreas - chronic pancreatitis
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(ovary)
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signet ring cells with mucin in ovaries - krunkenburg tumor (GI metastasis to ovaries)
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peau d' orange - inflammatory carcinoma of breast
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(breast)
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fibroadenoma
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abdominal striae - Cushing's syndrome
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calf pseudohyperthrophy - duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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degeneration of lenticular nuclei - Wilson's disease
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A - macrophages
B - Type I pneumocytes C - Type II pneumocyte |
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lamellar body of type II pneumocyte
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