Step 1 First Aid 06: Pathology

Front 1

apoptosis requires ___

Back 1

ATP

Front 2

2 apoptosis pathways

Back 2

intrinsic
extrinsic

Front 3

intrinsic pathway uses ___
extrinsic pathway uses ___ (3)

Back 3

hormones/cytokines
FasL
granzyme
perforin

Front 4

nucleus becomes more ___ during apoptosis

Back 4

basophilic

Front 5

___ is a reversible nuclear change
___ (3) are irreversible ones

Back 5

chromatin clumping
pyknosis
karyolysis
karyorrhexis

Front 6

T/F: change in mitochondrial permeability is reversible

Back 6

false

Front 7

T/F: ribosomal detachment is reversible

Back 7

true

Front 8

red infarcts mean ___ has happened;
they are caused by ___
or in organs with ___, such as ___ (3)

Back 8

hemorrhage
reperfusion injury
collateral circulation
liver
lungs
intestine

Front 9

4 neutrophil chemotactic factors

Back 9

C5a
IL-8
LTB4
Kallikrein

Front 10

exudate has specific gravity ___
transudate has specific gravity ___

Back 10

>1.020
<1.012

Front 11

4 stages of leukocyte extravasation

Back 11

rolling
tight binding
diapedesis
migration

Front 12

in rolling stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ (2) on endothelium

Back 12

Sialyl Lewis X
E-selectin
P-selectin

Front 13

in tight binding stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ on endothelium

Back 13

LFA-1
ICAM-1

Front 14

in diapedesis stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ on endothelium

Back 14

PECAM-1
PECAM-1

Front 15

amyloid has ___ structure
and ___ micro appearance

Back 15

beta pleated sheet
apple green birefringence with Congo red

Front 16

7 kinds of amyloidosis

Back 16

1'
2'
senile cardiac
DM2
medullary thyroid ca
Alzheimer's
dialysis-associated

Front 17

amyloid in 1' amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

Back 17

AL
Ig light chain
multiple myeloma

Front 18

amyloid in 2' amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

Back 18

AA
serum amyloid-associated protein
chronic inflammation

Front 19

amyloid in senile cardiac amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

Back 19

ATTR (AF?)
transthyretin
old age (cardiac ATTR is not mutant)

Front 20

amyloid in DM2 amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___

Back 20

amylin
islet amyloid peptide

Front 21

amyloid in medullary thyroid ca is ___
it is composed of ___

Back 21

A-CAL
calcitonin

Front 22

amyloid in AD amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

Back 22

Abeta
APP
abnormal APP cleavage by secretase

Front 23

amyloid in dialysis-associated amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___

Back 23

Abeta2m
beta2 microglobulin from MHC-I

Front 24

carcinoma in situ means neoplastic cells span ___ of epithelial thickness
but ___

Back 24

all
do not penetrate basement membrane

Front 25

T/F: anaplasia is reversible

Back 25

false

Front 26

T/F: desmoplasia is reversible

Back 26

false (fibrotic rxn to neoplasm)

Front 27

T/F: dysplasia is reversible

Back 27

true

Front 28

T/F: hyperplasia is reversible

Back 28

true

Front 29

T/F: metaplasia is reversible

Back 29

true

Front 30

T/F: neoplasia is reversible

Back 30

false

Front 31

benign growth with >1 cell type
this occurs in ___

Back 31

mature teratoma
women

Front 32

2 malignant growths with >1 cell type

Back 32

immature teratoma
mature teratoma in men

Front 33

gastric adenoca is associated with ___ (3)

Back 33

chronic atrophic gastritis
pernicious anemia
postsurgical gastric remnants (?)

Front 34

3 tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis

Back 34

astrocytoma
angiomyolipoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma

Front 35

cancer associated with plummer-vinson syndrome

Back 35

esophageal SCC

Front 36

2 cancers associated with Paget's disease of bone

Back 36

osteosarcoma
fibrosarcoma

Front 37

cancer associated with immunodeficiency

Back 37

malignant Ly

Front 38

2 cancers associated with AIDS

Back 38

aggressive malignant Ly
Kaposi's

Front 39

cancer associated with autoimmunity

Back 39

Ly

Front 40

4 cancers associated with acanthosis nigricans

Back 40

stomach
lung
breast
uterus

Front 41

cancer associated with dysplastic nevus

Back 41

malignant melanoma

Front 42

2 cancers associated with radiation exposure

Back 42

sarcoma
papillary thyroid ca

Front 43

abl is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 43

oncogene
CML

Front 44

APC is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 44

tumor suppressor gene (5q)
FAP colon cancer

Front 45

bcl-2 is a ___
it is associated with ___ (2)

Back 45

oncogene
FLy
undifferentiated Ly

Front 46

BRCA1 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 46

tumor suppressor gene (17q)
breast + ovarian ca

Front 47

BRCA2 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 47

tumor suppressor gene (13q)
breast

Front 48

c-myc is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 48

oncogene
Burkitt's Ly

Front 49

c-kit is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 49

oncogene
GIST

Front 50

DPC is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 50

tumor suppressor gene (18q)
pancreatic ca

Front 51

DCC is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 51

tumor suppressor gene (18q)
CRC
(Deleted in Colon Cancer)

Front 52

erb-b2 is a ___
it is associated with ___ (3)

Back 52

oncogene
breast ca
ovarian ca
gastric ca

Front 53

L-myc is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 53

oncogene
lung tumors

Front 54

N-myc is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 54

oncogene
neuroblastoma

Front 55

NF1 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 55

tumor suppressor gene (17q)
NF1

Front 56

NF2 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 56

tumor suppressor gene (22q)
NF2

Front 57

p16 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 57

tumor suppressor gene (9p)
melanoma

Front 58

p53 is a ___
it is associated with ___ (2)

Back 58

tumor suppressor gene (17p)
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
any cancer

Front 59

ret is a ___
it is associated with ___ (2)

Back 59

oncogene
MEN IIa
MEN IIb

Front 60

Rb is a ___
it is associated with ___ (2)

Back 60

tumor suppressor gene (13q)
retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma

Front 61

ras is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 61

oncogene
CRC

Front 62

WT1 is a ___
it is associated with ___

Back 62

tumor suppressor gene (11p)
Wilms' tumor

Front 63

CEA is produced by ___ (4)

Back 63

CRC
pancreatic ca
gastric ca
breast ca

Front 64

AFP is produced by ___ (3)

Back 64

HCC
embryonal ca
yolk sac tumor

Front 65

bhCG is produced by ___ (3)

Back 65

Hydatidiform mole
Chorioca
Gestational trophoblastic tumor

Front 66

CA-125 is produced by ___

Back 66

ovarian ca

Front 67

ALP is produced by ___ (3)

Back 67

bone mets
obstructive biliary disease
Paget's disease of bone

Front 68

bombesin is produced by ___ (3)

Back 68

neuroblastoma
lung ca
gastric ca

Front 69

TRAP is prodcued by ___

Back 69

hairy cell leukemia

Front 70

CA19-9 is produced by ___

Back 70

pancreatic ca

Front 71

aflatoxin from ___ causes ___

Back 71

aspergillus
HCC

Front 72

vinyl chloride causes ___

Back 72

liver angiosarcoma

Front 73

CCl_4 causes ___ (2)

Back 73

liver centrilobular necrosis
liver fatty change

Front 74

4 cancers caused by smoking

Back 74

laryngeal (SCC)
lung
RCC
bladder (transitional cell ca)

Front 75

2 cancers caused by As

Back 75

skin SCC
liver angiosarcoma

Front 76

cancer caused by aniline dyes (naphthalene)

Back 76

transitional cell ca

Front 77

cancer caused by alkylating agents

Back 77

leukemia

Front 78

paraneoplastic ACTH is caused by ___

Back 78

SCLC

Front 79

paraneoplastic ADH is caused by ___ (2)

Back 79

SCLC
intracranial tumors

Front 80

hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by ___ (3 cancers) via ___ (4 molecules)

Back 80

SCLC
RCC
breast ca
PTHrP
TGFb
TNF
IL-1

Front 81

paraneoplastic EPO is caused by ___ (2)

Back 81

RCC
hemangioblastoma

Front 82

Lambert-Eaton syndrome is caused by ___ (2)

Back 82

thymoma
SCLC

Front 83

4 tumors with psammoma bodies

Back 83

Papillary thyroid ca
Serous papillary cystadenoca of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelioma

Front 84

3 conditions with reduced ESR

Back 84

sickle cell
polycythemia
CHF

Front 85

5 cancers that met to brain

Back 85

Lung
Breast
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney (RCC)
GI
(Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia)

Front 86

mets to brain are usually located ___ly
they are well/poorly circumscribed

Back 86

at grey-white border
well

Front 87

5 cancers that met to liver IDOOF

Back 87

Colon
Stomach
Pancreas
Breast
Lung
(Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver)

Front 88

2 most common destinations for mets

Back 88

liver
lung

Front 89

5 cancers that met to bone
2 most common

Back 89

Breast
Lung
Testis
Kidney
Prostate
(BLT with Kosher Pickle)
breast
prostate

Front 90

prostate mets are ___

Back 90

blastic

Front 91

lung mets are ___

Back 91

lytic

Front 92

breast mets are ___

Back 92

lytic or blastic

Front 93

cancer is ___th leading cause of death in US

Back 93

2nd (after heart disease)

Front 94

top 3 most common cancers for males IDOOF

Back 94

prostate (32%)
lung (16%)
CRC (12%)

Front 95

top 3 most common cancers for females IDOOF

Back 95

breast (32%)
lung (13%)
CRC (13%)

Front 96

2 cancers with highest mortality for males

Back 96

lung (33%)
prostate (13%)

Front 97

2 cancers with highest mortality for females

Back 97

lung (23%)
breast (18%)