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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between todipotent and pluripotent cells? (holy grail of stem cell research)
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todipotent - human zygote - can give rise to EVERY cell, including placenta (extraembryonic tissues)
pluripotent - can give rise to every cell except placenta |
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What is the difference between todipotent and pluripotent cells? (holy grail of stem cell research)
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todipotent - human zygote - can give rise to EVERY cell, including placenta (extraembryonic tissues)
pluripotent - can give rise to every cell except placenta |
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What was the first randomized trial?
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Testing treatments of scurvy in 1747
found that vitamin c (fresh fruits) worked |
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What was the first randomized trial?
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Testing treatments of scurvy in 1747
found that vitamin c (fresh fruits) worked |
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What is notable about urodele ambhibians (ie. salamander)?
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Can regenerate anything, CNS and PNS perfectly
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What is notable about urodele ambhibians (ie. salamander)?
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Can regenerate anything, CNS and PNS perfectly
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Name 2 studies that suggest plasticity and neurogenesis
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1. Cancer pts treated with BrdU showed neurogenesis in dentate gyrus in late adulthood.
2. Mice that had running, thinking, environmental enrichment showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis |
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Name 2 studies that suggest plasticity and neurogenesis
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1. Cancer pts treated with BrdU showed neurogenesis in dentate gyrus in late adulthood.
2. Mice that had running, thinking, environmental enrichment showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis |
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Describe the case of Terry Wallis
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Woke up after 19 years in vegetative state - still had growing axons in various regions of brain
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Describe the case of Terry Wallis
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Woke up after 19 years in vegetative state - still had growing axons in various regions of brain
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What is the difference between todipotent and pluripotent cells? (holy grail of stem cell research)
|
todipotent - human zygote - can give rise to EVERY cell, including placenta (extraembryonic tissues)
pluripotent - can give rise to every cell except placenta |
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What was the first randomized trial?
|
Testing treatments of scurvy in 1747
found that vitamin c (fresh fruits) worked |
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What is notable about urodele ambhibians (ie. salamander)?
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Can regenerate anything, CNS and PNS perfectly
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Name 2 studies that suggest plasticity and neurogenesis
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1. Cancer pts treated with BrdU showed neurogenesis in dentate gyrus in late adulthood.
2. Mice that had running, thinking, environmental enrichment showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis |
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Describe the case of Terry Wallis
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Woke up after 19 years in vegetative state - still had growing axons in various regions of brain
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Why is regeneration of the CNS limited?
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Neocortical neurons are as old as the individual
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Where is the neurogenesis zone?
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Along the lateral ventricle - where new cells are made, where brain marrow is
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does blood generate neurons?
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in murine BMT chimera models, bone marrow cells generate neurons (incl Purkinje cells)
- also seems to be true in humans! blood cells can fuse with injured/dying neurons and repair them, in some areas in the cerebellum - so cell fusion might be a repair mechanism |
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What approach do biotechnology companies use?
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genetic engineering
express genes in mammalian cells - came up with one drug that worked for stroke |
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Small biotech companies?
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maybe success?
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What are iPs cells?
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induced pluripotent stem cells - can reprogram human fibroblasts
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What can the inner cell mass be used to make?
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embryonic stem cells
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How was somatic cell reprogramming discovered?
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Insert 4 viruses into cell, select for the cells that express OT4 and NANOG. Develop that cell into any type!!
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What is Nanog?
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seems to be the master gene that makes embryonic stem cells grow. makes stem cells immortal...
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What are mesenchymal stem cells?
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Can make fat, cartilage, bone, neural cells
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Where can you get stem cells from
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baby's umbilical cord blood
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What are the two kinds of cellular therapy for stroke?
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- neural stem cells
- bone marrow stem cells |
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What are two ways of delivering stem cells? which is better
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Intravenous delivery of cells - less morbidity
intracerebral injection |
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mesenchymal cells are todipotent or pluripotent?
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pluripotent
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What is the point of lineage differentiation assays?
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to see how many cells of different systems/germ layers have differentiated
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how long will it take to actually clinically test stem cell therapies?
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long...rat to pig to human finally
human requires a LOT more stem cells than a rat |
