Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is cellular differentiation
|
the process of becoming adapted, cells adapting to specific functions, leading to the formation of tissues and organs
|
|
|
what is a precursor cell
|
the cell that will divide into all cells in your body.
|
|
|
what is special about the precursor cell
|
it contains all the information required to produce all of the millions of types of cells found in all tissues and organs
|
|
|
types of specialized cells and tissues
|
nerve cells, red blood cells, smooth muscle cells, fat cells, intestinal epithelial cells, striated muscle cells, bone tissue, lose connective tissue
|
|
|
what are the drawbacks to cells that are specialised |
they have already gone through the process of differentiation and cannot transform into any other type of cell |
|
|
what cells have the capacity to become any type of cell
|
embryonic stem cells
|
|
|
when cells have the capacity to become any type of cell, what are they referred to as
|
totipotent
|
|
|
the lineage that a stem cell takes depends on...
|
which genes are expressed
|
|
|
why is only a small portion of DNA in a cell ever transcribed
|
because it will never need to translate any mRNA that is involved in activities it is not specialised for even though every cell contains all DNA that is related to every other call in the body.
|
|
|
what is a multipoint cell
|
A cell that is still able to differentiate into a few different cells with a related/similar function
|
|
|
where are multipoint cells found
|
umbilical cord blood stem cells
placenta stem cells bone marrow brain skin teeth heart liver muscle |
|
|
what are pluripotent cells
|
embryonic stem cells, they can become nearly any specialised cell.
|
|
|
How can bone marrow transplant help someone with leukemia
|
bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into blood cells which help the development of healthy blood cells in a leukemia sufferer.
|
|
|
ethical issues with stem cell research
|
each embryo is a potential human life, therefore unacceptable to experiment with. whereas other people think it's better to end a person's suffering than debate an embryo's right to existence.
|
|
|
How do plant and animal stem cells differ
|
in plants some cells remain totipotent throughout life.
|
|
|
what is vegetative propagation
|
the natural method of asexual reproduction where a bud friend from a vegetative part of the plant and develops into a new plant which eventually becomes detached.
|
|
|
what is micropropogation
|
A method of cloning plants in a lab on agar plates.
|
|
|
what is the method for micropropogation
|
small samples of tissue, called an explant, can be grown on agar plates, the plant tissue can be separated in to individual cells which can grow into a ball of undifferentiated cells called a callus, if the correct plant growth regulators are added these cells are able to develop into whole plantlets.
|
|
|
why must the conditions for micropropogation be sterile?
|
to prevent infection by microbes
|
