Stem Cell Biology Quiz 1

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Adult Stem Cell

Back 1

stem cells found in the different tissues of adult organism that remain in unspecialized state

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Allogeneic transplantation

Back 2

cell, tissue or organ transplants from one individual back into the same individual

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Biomaterial

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a material which is in whole or in part composed of living matter

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Blastocyst

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a very early embryo consisting of approx. 150-300 cells, contains the inner cell mass and trophoblast

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cancer stem cells

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stem cells which make up only small % of total tumor mass and are source of some cancers

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cell line

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cells of a particular type that can be maintained and grown in culture

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cloning

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process in which an organism produces one or more genetically alike copies of itself by asexual means

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cord blood

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stem cells can be derived from blood in the umbilical cord at the time of birth rich in hematopoietic stem cells that reside in bone marrow

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developmental biology

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the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop, including formation and specialization of cells

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dedifferentiation

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the process by which a cell reverts to a less specialized progenitor state

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differentiation

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the process by which a stem cell loses its capacity for self-renewal and becomes a mature and definitive cell typ

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direct reprogramming

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the process of taking fully, mature differentiated stem cells and inducing them to become another cell type without going through the stem cell state

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embryo

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the product of a fertilized egg, from the zygote until the fetal stage

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embryonic stem cells

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cell that are derived from the inner cell mass of a human blastocyst and are pluripotent so they can differentiate into any cell or tissue

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fluorescence activated cell sorter

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enables the rapid characterization, counting and isolation of cells suspended in a stream of fluid

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hematopoietic stem cells

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stem cells that give rise to all blood cell types

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high throughput screening

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technology that empoys automation and robotics to conduct hundreds or thousands of biological assay experiments within a short period of time

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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somatic cells induced to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state

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inner cell mass

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a small group of cells attached to the wall of the blastocyst where embryonic stem cells are taken

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in vitro

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experiments performed outside organisms body

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in vitro fertilization

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procedure where egg and sperm are brought together in lab dish for fertilization

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in vivo

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within living, experiment done using a whole, living organism

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molecular pathway

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a series of interactions between genes, proteins, and other bio factors that lead to a bio effect like differentiation, cell diving, production of antibodies, cell homing, ....

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multipotent stem cells

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stem cells that can produce cells of multiple differentiated cell types but withing a particular tissue, organ or phys system

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parthenogenesis

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form of reproduction where an egg develops without the sperm

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pluripotent stem cells

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stem cells that can become all cell types that are found in orgaism except embryonic components of trophoblast and placenta

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progenitor cell

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early descendant of stem cell that can only differentiate but not self renew

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protein marker

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stem cells display characteristic set of protein molecules on cell surface called markers that can be used to make a preliminary identification

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regenerative medicine

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medical interventions that aim to repair damaged organs by using stem cells

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reprogramming

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process of creating an induced pluripotent stem cell

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self renewal

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ability of a stem cell to divide and form more stem cells with identical prop. as parent

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somatic cells

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all differentiated cells in organism except germline

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somatic cell nuclear transfer

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process by which nucleus from single cell is transferred into an unfertilized enucleated egg. Reconstructed embryo develops.

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stem cell homing

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migration of stem cells through blood or tissue to an ultimate destination where it differentiates and replaces/build tissue

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stem cell niche

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microenvironment in which a stem cell is situated

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stem cells

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cell that can both self renew and differentiate

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therapeutic cloning

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another term for somatic cell nuclear transfer

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totipotent stem cells

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cell that can form entire organism, including extra embryonic tissue

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translation medicine

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area of focus or effort to transition basic research discoveries into clinical applications that benefit patients