Stcc A&pi Chp 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

bio-

Back 1

life

Front 2

di-

Back 2

two

Front 3

glyc-

Back 3

sweet

Front 4

iso-

Back 4

equal

Front 5

lip-

Back 5

fat

Front 6

-lyt

Back 6

dissolvable

Front 7

mono-

Back 7

one

Front 8

nucle-

Back 8

kernel (as in central)

Front 9

poly-

Back 9

many

Front 10

sacchar-

Back 10

sugar

Front 11

syn-

Back 11

together

Front 12

-valent

Back 12

power

Front 13

chemistry

Back 13

considers the composition of substances and how they change

Front 14

matter

Back 14

anything that has weight and takes up space

Front 15

element

Back 15

chemical substance with only one type of atom

Front 16

bulk elements

Back 16

basic chemical substance needed by the body in large quantities

Front 17

trace elements

Back 17

basic chemical substance needed by the body in small quantities

Front 18

ultratrace elements

Back 18

basic chemical substance needed by the body in very small quantities

Front 19

atoms

Back 19

smallest complete units of the elements

Front 20

nucleus

Back 20

the dense core of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons

Front 21

electron

Back 21

a small, negatively charged particle that encirles the nucleus of an atom

Front 22

protons

Back 22

positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus

Front 23

neutron

Back 23

electrically neutral subatomic particle

Front 24

atomic number

Back 24

number of protons in an atom of an element

Front 25

atomic weight

Back 25

protons plus neutrons in an atom

Front 26

isotope

Back 26

same number of protons, different number of neutrons in atom of an element

Front 27

molecule

Back 27

two or more atoms combined

Front 28

molecular formula

Back 28

shorthand used to depict the numbers and kinds of atoms in a molecule

Front 29

compounds

Back 29

atoms of two or more different elements combined

Front 30

bonds

Back 30

links that connect atoms with other atoms

Front 31

electron shells

Back 31

The path formed by an eletron or several electrons encircling the nucleus of an atom at a particular energy level

Front 32

ions

Back 32

atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged

Front 33

covalent bond

Back 33

chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms

Front 34

structural formulas

Back 34

repr. of way atoms bond to form a molecule, using symbols for each element and lines to indicate chemical bonds

Front 35

polar molecule

Back 35

combination of atoms in which the electrical charge is not distributed symmetrically

Front 36

hydrogen bond

Back 36

the attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative oxygen or nitrogen end of another polar molecule

Front 37

reactants

Back 37

starting materials that are changed by the chemical reaction

Front 38

products

Back 38

the atoms, ions, or molecules formed at the chemical reaction's conclusion

Front 39

synthesis reaction

Back 39

when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules bond to form a more complex structure

Front 40

decomposition reaction

Back 40

the bonds of the reactant molecule break to form simpler molecules, atoms, or ions

Front 41

exchange reaction

Back 41

parts of two different kinds of molecules trade positions

Front 42

replacement reaction

Back 42

synonym for exchange reaction

Front 43

reversible reaction

Back 43

chemical reaction in which the end products can change back into the reactants

Front 44

catalysts

Back 44

chemical that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not permanently altered by the reaction

Front 45

electrolytes

Back 45

substance that ionizes in a water solution

Front 46

acid

Back 46

substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions

Front 47

base

Back 47

substance that ionizes in water to release hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions

Front 48

salts

Back 48

compound produced by a reaction between an acid and a base

Front 49

pH scale

Back 49

shorthand notation for the hydrogen ion concentration used to indicate the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution

Front 50

range of pH scale

Back 50

the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14

Front 51

alkalosis

Back 51

increase in the alkalinity of body fluids above pH of 7.45

Front 52

acidosis

Back 52

increase in acidity of body fluids below pH of 7.35

Front 53

buffer

Back 53

substance that can react with a strong acid or base to form a weaker acid or base, and thus resist a change in pH

Front 54

organic

Back 54

carbon containing molecules

Front 55

inorganic

Back 55

chemical substances that lack carbon or hydrogen

Front 56

electrolyte balance

Back 56

condition when the quantities of electrolytes entering the body equal those leaving it

Front 57

carbohydrates

Back 57

organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a 1:2:1 ratio

Front 58

sugars

Back 58

sweet carbohydrate

Front 59

monosaccharides

Back 59

single sugar, such as glucose or fructose

Front 60

disaccharides

Back 60

sugar produced by the union of two monosaccharides

Front 61

polysaccharides

Back 61

carbohydrate composed of many joined monosaccharides

Front 62

lipids

Back 62

fat, oil, or fat-like compound that usually has fatty acids in its molecular structure

Front 63

fatty acids

Back 63

building block of a fat molecule

Front 64

glycerol

Back 64

organic compound that is a building block for fat molecules

Front 65

saturated fatty acid

Back 65

fat molecule that contains only fatty acid molecules with as many hydrogen atoms as possible, and therefore no double bonds between carbon atoms

Front 66

unsaturated fatty acid

Back 66

fat molecule that includes unsaturated fatty acids with one or more double bonds between the atoms of the carbon chains

Front 67

proteins

Back 67

nitrogen containing organic compound composed of joined amino acid molecules

Front 68

enzymes

Back 68

protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction

Front 69

amino acids

Back 69

organic compound of relatively small molecular size that contains an amino group (-NH, sub2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH); the structural unit of a protein molecule

Front 70

R group

Back 70

another name for side chain

Front 71

conformations

Back 71

three dimensional form of a protein, determined by its amino acid sequence and attractions and repulsions between amno acids

Front 72

nucleic acids

Back 72

substance composed of bonded nucleotides, RNA or DNA

Front 73

nucleotides

Back 73

building block of a nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a sugar, itrogenous base, and phosphate group

Front 74

RNA

Back 74

ribonucleic acid; single-stranded polymer of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group, a nitrogen base (adenine, uracil, cytosine, or guanine) and the sugar ribose

Front 75

DNA

Back 75

deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material; a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine), andthe sugar deoxyribose