Stats Flashcards

Front 1

Arithmetic mean

Back 1

computed by determining the sum of all values of the variable in the data set and dividing by the number of observations

Front 2

Bar Graph

Back 2

constructed by labeling each category of data on the horizontal or vertical axis and the frequency of category on the other axis

Front 3

Bell-Shaped distribution

Back 3

Highest frequency in the middle

Front 4

Biased

Back 4

not representative of the population; favors one part

Front 5

bivariate data

Back 5

data in which two variables are measured on an individual

Front 6

census

Back 6

list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual

Front 7

claim

Back 7

generalizations made about a population in the basis of results obtained by a sample

Front 8

Class midpoint

Back 8

found by adding consecutive lower class limits and dividing by two

Front 9

Class width

Back 9

difference between consecutive lower class limits

Front 10

Closed question

Back 10

Respondent must choose from a list of predetermined responses

Front 11

cluster sample

Back 11

obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals

Front 12

Combination

Back 12

the selections of r objects from a set of n different objects when the order in which the objects is selected doesnt matter and an objects cant be selected more than once

Front 13

Complement

Back 13

all outcomes in the sample space that are not outcomes in the event

Front 14

Conditional Probability

Back 14

Probability that event F occurs, given the event E has occured

Front 15

Convenience sample

Back 15

sample in which the individuals are easily obtained and not based on randomness

Front 16

Dependent

Back 16

AKA response variable, affected by explanatory variable, affects probability

Front 17

Dependent sampling

Back 17

when individuals selected to be in one sample are used to determine the individuals in the second sample

Front 18

Descriptive statistics

Back 18

organizing and summarizing data

Front 19

deviation about the mean

Back 19

how far each observation is from the mean

Front 20

deviation

Back 20

differences between predicted value and actual value

Front 21

disjoint

Back 21

no outcomes in common between two events

Front 22

equally likely outcomes

Back 22

each outcome has the same probability of occuring

Front 23

event

Back 23

collection of outcomes from a probabilty experiment

Front 24

fences

Back 24

cutoff points for determining outliers

Front 25

Five number summary

Back 25

set of data consists of the smallest data value, Q1, the median, Q3, and largest value

Front 26

Frequency polygon

Back 26

graph that uses points, connected by line segments, to represent the frequencies of classes

Front 27

histogram

Back 27

constructed by drawing rectangles for each class of data

Front 28

independent

Back 28

if occurencfe of event E in a probability experment doesnt affect probability of F

Front 29

Interquartile range

Back 29

range of the middle 50% of the observations in a data set, difference between first and third quartiles

Front 30

Linear Correlation Coefficient

Back 30

measure of the strength and direction of the linear relation between two quantitaive variables

Front 31

Lower class limit

Back 31

smallest value within the class

Front 32

lurking variable

Back 32

explanatory variable that was not considered in a study, but affects the value of the response variable in the study

Front 33

Mutually exclusive

Back 33

Another name for disjoint events, no outcomes in common

Front 34

Normal score

Back 34

expected z-score of the data value

Front 35

Outliers

Back 35

doesnt fit overall pattern of data

Front 36

Permutation

Back 36

ordered arrangement in which r objects are chosen from n distinct (different) objects and repitition is not allowed

Front 37

Pie Chart

Back 37

circle divided into sectors

Front 38

population

Back 38

entire group of individuals to be studied

Front 39

Predictor variables

Back 39

Explains the response variable, aka explanatory

Front 40

Probability

Back 40

measure of the likelihood of a random phenomenon or chance behavior

Front 41

Quantitative variables

Back 41

provide numerical measures of individuals

Front 42

Quartile

Back 42

divide data sets into fourths

Front 43

Range

Back 43

difference between the largest data value and smallest data value

Front 44

relative frequency

Back 44

proportion of observations within a category

Front 45

relative frequency distribution

Back 45

lists each category of data together with the relative frequency

Front 46

residual

Back 46

difference between the observed value of y and predicted value of y is error or ....

Front 47

sample

Back 47

subset of the population that is being studied

Front 48

sample space

Back 48

collection of all possible outcomes

Front 49

scatter diagram

Back 49

graph that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individual

Front 50

simple event

Back 50

events with one outcome

Front 51

simple random sampling

Back 51

sample size n from a population size N; if every possible sample size has an equally likely chance of occuring

Front 52

skewed left

Back 52

Tail to left

Front 53

skewed right

Back 53

tail to right, peak longer than tail to left of peak

Front 54

statistics

Back 54

science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions

Front 55

stratified sample

Back 55

Obtained by separating the population into nonoverlapping grouwps called strata and then obtaining a SRS from each stratum

Front 56

subject

Back 56

experimental unit

Front 57

trial

Back 57

repitition of experiment

Front 58

upper cass limit

Back 58

Class with largest value within the class

Front 59

variable

Back 59

characteristics of the individuals within the population

Front 60

venn diagrams

Back 60

events as circles enclosed in a rectangle