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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

statistics

numerical facts and data or the field or discipline of study

field of discipline or study

science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data, as well of making descions based on such analyses

population

all elements(individuals,items, or objects) whose charateristics are being studied

target population

population being studied

statistical population

a collection of all measurments corresponding to all the units

sample

a portion of the population selected for study

statistical sample

subset of a statistcal ppopulation actually selected for study

census

survey that includes every member of the population

sample survey

collecting information from a portion of the population

representative sample

sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible

random sample

sample drawn so that everyone in the population has a chance of being selected

simple random sampling

all samples of the same size selected from a population have the same chance of being selected

kinds of non representative samples

convenient samples


judgemental samples


sample from a different population


anecdotal data


self selected samples(call in polls)

sampling with replacement

element gets put back into population,rolling dice

sampling without replacement

element does not go back into population

element or member

a specific subject or object about which the information is collected

variable

a characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements

constant

value is fixed

observation or measurement

value of a variable for an element

data set

collection of observations on one or more variables

quantitative variable

variable that can be measured numerically

qualitative or categorical variable

variable that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified

types of quantitative variables

discrete and continuous

discrete variable

values are countable with no intermediate values


quantitative variable

continuous variable

can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals


quantitative variable

cross section data

date collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time

time series data

data collected on the same element for the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time

summation notation

Zx=1+6+3+7+1=34

raw data

data recorded in the sequence in which they are collected and before they are processed or ranked

frequency distribution of qualitative

lists all the categories and the number of elements that belong to each of the categories

relative frequency

frequency of the category/sum of all frequencies

bar graph

graph made of bars whose heights represent the frequencies of respective categories

pie chart

circle divided into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages of a population poplation or a sample belonging to different categories

frequency distribution for quantitative data

lists all the classes and the number of values that belong to each class

grouped data

data presented in the form of a frequency distribution

class boundary

given by the midpoint of the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the next class

histogram

graph in which classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the frequencies, relative frequencies, or percentages are marked on the vertical axis.

frequency polygon

a graph formed by joining the midpoints if the tops of successive bars in a histogram with straight lines

cumulative frequency distribution

total number of values that fall below the upper boundary of each class

ogive

a curve drawn for the cumulative frequency distribustion by joining with straight lines the dots marked above the upper boundaries of classes at heights equal to the cumulative frequencies of respective classes

stem and leaf display

quantitative data, each value divided into two portions, stem and leaf

outliers or extreme values

values that are very small or very large relative to the majority of the values in a data set

mean for ungrouped data

obtained by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values in the data set

parameters of the population

population mean,standard deviation, population variance, and population size

statistic of sample

sample mean, standadrd deviation, sample variancee sample size

quartiles

three summary measures that divide a ranked data set into four equal parts

box and whisker plot

shows the center,spread,and skewness of a data set


uses the median, first quartile, thrid quartile, and the smallest and largest values in the data set set between the lower and upper inner fences