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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
statistics |
numerical facts and data or the field or discipline of study |
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field of discipline or study |
science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data, as well of making descions based on such analyses |
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population |
all elements(individuals,items, or objects) whose charateristics are being studied |
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target population |
population being studied |
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statistical population |
a collection of all measurments corresponding to all the units |
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sample |
a portion of the population selected for study |
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statistical sample |
subset of a statistcal ppopulation actually selected for study |
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census |
survey that includes every member of the population |
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sample survey |
collecting information from a portion of the population |
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representative sample |
sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible |
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random sample |
sample drawn so that everyone in the population has a chance of being selected |
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simple random sampling |
all samples of the same size selected from a population have the same chance of being selected |
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kinds of non representative samples |
convenient samples judgemental samples sample from a different population anecdotal data self selected samples(call in polls) |
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sampling with replacement |
element gets put back into population,rolling dice |
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sampling without replacement |
element does not go back into population |
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element or member |
a specific subject or object about which the information is collected |
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variable |
a characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements |
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constant |
value is fixed |
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observation or measurement |
value of a variable for an element |
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data set |
collection of observations on one or more variables |
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quantitative variable |
variable that can be measured numerically |
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qualitative or categorical variable |
variable that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified |
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types of quantitative variables |
discrete and continuous |
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discrete variable |
values are countable with no intermediate values quantitative variable |
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continuous variable |
can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals quantitative variable |
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cross section data |
date collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time |
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time series data |
data collected on the same element for the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time |
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summation notation |
Zx=1+6+3+7+1=34 |
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raw data |
data recorded in the sequence in which they are collected and before they are processed or ranked |
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frequency distribution of qualitative |
lists all the categories and the number of elements that belong to each of the categories |
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relative frequency |
frequency of the category/sum of all frequencies |
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bar graph |
graph made of bars whose heights represent the frequencies of respective categories |
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pie chart |
circle divided into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages of a population poplation or a sample belonging to different categories |
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frequency distribution for quantitative data |
lists all the classes and the number of values that belong to each class |
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grouped data |
data presented in the form of a frequency distribution |
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class boundary |
given by the midpoint of the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the next class |
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histogram |
graph in which classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the frequencies, relative frequencies, or percentages are marked on the vertical axis. |
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frequency polygon |
a graph formed by joining the midpoints if the tops of successive bars in a histogram with straight lines |
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cumulative frequency distribution |
total number of values that fall below the upper boundary of each class |
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ogive |
a curve drawn for the cumulative frequency distribustion by joining with straight lines the dots marked above the upper boundaries of classes at heights equal to the cumulative frequencies of respective classes |
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stem and leaf display |
quantitative data, each value divided into two portions, stem and leaf |
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outliers or extreme values |
values that are very small or very large relative to the majority of the values in a data set |
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mean for ungrouped data |
obtained by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values in the data set |
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parameters of the population |
population mean,standard deviation, population variance, and population size |
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statistic of sample |
sample mean, standadrd deviation, sample variancee sample size |
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quartiles |
three summary measures that divide a ranked data set into four equal parts |
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box and whisker plot |
shows the center,spread,and skewness of a data set uses the median, first quartile, thrid quartile, and the smallest and largest values in the data set set between the lower and upper inner fences |