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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dispersion |
The degree to which individual data points are distributed around the mean |
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Range |
The distance from the lowest to the highest score |
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Interquartile Range |
The range of the middle 50% of the observations |
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Trimme dsamples |
Samples with a percentage of the extreme scores removed |
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Trimmed Statistics |
Statistics calculated on trimmed samples |
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Mean absolute deviation |
The average of the absolute values of the deviations from theman |
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Sample variance |
Sumof the squared deviations about the mean divided by N-1 |
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Population variance |
Variance of a population, usually estimated, rarely computed |
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Standard deviation |
The square root of the variance |
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Bias |
A property of a statistic whose long-range average is not equal to the parameter it estimates |
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Boxplot |
A graphical representation of the dispersion of a sample |
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Box-whisker plot |
A graphical representation of the dispersion of sample |
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Winsorized sample |
A sample in which trimmed observations are replaced with the highest and lowest remaining values |
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Normal Distribution |
A specific distribution having a characteristic bell-shaped form |
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Density |
Height of the curve for a given value of X; closely related to the probability of an observation falling in an interval around X |
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Absicca |
X axis |
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Ordinate |
Y axis |
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Density |
Heigh of the curve for a given value of X; closely related to the probability of an observation falling in an interval around X |
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Standard normal distribution |
A normal distribution with a mean equal to 0 and a standard deviation equal to 1; denoted as N(o,1) |
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Linear Transformation |
A transformation involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division of or by a constant |
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z score |
Number of standard deviations above or below the mean |
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Standard scores |
Scores with a predetermined mean and standard deviation |
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Percentile |
The point below which a specified percentage of the observations fall |
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T-Scores |
A set of scores with a mean of 50 and a SD of 10 |
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Analytic View |
Definition of probability in terms of an analysis of possible outcomes |
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Relative frequency view |
Definition of probability in terms of past performance |
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Sample with replacement |
Sampling in which the item drawn on trial N is replaced before the next draw |
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Relative frequency view |
Definition of probability in terms of past performance |
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Sample with replacement |
Sampling in which the draw on trial N is replaced before the draw |
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Subjective probability |
Definition of probability in terms of personal subjective belief in the likelihood of an outcome |
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Event |
The outcome of a trial |
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Independent Events |
Events are independent when the occurrence of one has no effect on the probability of the occurrence of the other |
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Mutually Exclusive |
Two events are mutually exclusive when the occurrence of one precludes the occurrence of the other |
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Exhaustive |
A set of events that represents all possible outcomes |
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Additive law of probability |
The rule giving the probability of the occurence of one or more mutually exclusive events |
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Multiplicate Law of probability |
The rule giving the probability of the joint occurrence of independent events |
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joint probability |
The probability of the co-occurence of two or more events |
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conditional probability |
The probability that one event will occur given the occurrence of some other event |
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Risk |
The numbe of occurrences on one event divided by the total number of occurrence of events-a probability |
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Risk Ratio |
The ratio of two risks |
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Odds |
The numbe of occurences of an event divided by the number of nonoccurences |
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Odds ratio |
The ratio of two odds |
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Sampling error |
Variability of a statistic from sample to sample due to chance |
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Hypothesis testing |
A process by which decisions are made concerning the value parameters |
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Sampling distribution |
The variability of a statistic over repeated sampling from a specified population |
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Standard error |
The standard deviation of a sampling distribution |
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Sampling distribution of the mean |
The distribution of sample means over repeated sampling from one population |
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Research Hypothesis |
The hypothesis that the experiment was designed to investigate
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Null Hypothesis |
The statistical hypothesis tested by the statistical procedure usually a hypothesis of no difference or no relationship |
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Sample Statistics |
Statistics calculated from a sample and used primarily to describe a sample |
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Test Statistics |
The results of a statistical test |
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Rejection level |
The probability with which we are willing to reject Ho when it is in fact, correct |
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Significance level |
The probability with which we are willing to reject Ho when it is, in fact, correct |
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Alternative hypothesis |
The hypothesis that is adopted when Ho is rejected, usually the same as the research hypothesis |
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Critical value |
The value of a test statistic at or beyond which we will reject Ho |
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Type 1 error |
The error of rejecting Ho when it is true |
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Alpha |
The probability of a type 1 error |
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Type II |
The error of not rejecting Ho when it is false |
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B(beta) |
The probability of a type II error |
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Power |
The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis |
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One-tailed test |
A test that rejects extreme outcomes in one specified tail of the distribution |
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Directional test |
Another name for a one tailed test |
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Two tailed test |
A test that rejects extreme outcomes in either tail fo the distribution |
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Nondirectional test |
Another name for a two-tailed test |
