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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
correlation |
numerical measure that shows the direction and strength of any association between two quantitative variables |
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cross-sectional study |
observations are taken at one point in time |
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retrospective (or case control) study |
subjects who have a response outcome of interest ad subjects who have the other response outcome are compared on the explanatory variable |
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prospective study |
follows subject into the future; identify a group or people and track them to see whether they develop and outcome of interest |
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simple random sampling |
has size n subjects and each possible sample of size n has the same chance of being selected from the population |
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systematic sampling |
randomly selecting a starting point, select every kth observation after that |
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cluster sampling |
use random sampling to select clusters; sample everyone in the selected clusters |
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stratified sampling |
chop up population into stratum (layers) and use random sampling to choose from each layer |
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replication |
assigning multiple experimental units to the same treatment |
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blocking |
a group of subjects that have similarities that could affect the experiment's outcome |
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randomized block design |
first make blocks then assign treatments randomly to subjects within each block |
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sampling error |
difference between sample and population results |
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non-sampling error |
causes by incorrect collection, measurement, or recording |
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sampling bias |
caused by sampling method or undercoverage |
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non-response bias |
caused because some subjects cant be or wont be reached |
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response bias |
subject gives wrong response or interviewer asks leading question,or question in asked in a confusing or misleading way |