Statistics For Engineers: Vocabulary

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population

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a collection of objects or outcomes of interest

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sample

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a finite subset of a population for which information in collected

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census

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a sample consisting of the entire population (assumes a finite population)

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quantitative data

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numeric quantities

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Qualitative (categorical) data

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assigning an element of a population to a category. (Note: A category can be identified by a number, but the data is not quantitative

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statistic

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a function that maps a sample to a real number

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conceptual population

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a population consisting of outcomes that are not physical objects

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inferential statistics

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using statistics to infer attributes of a population

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descriptive statistics

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using statistics to describe a sample

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simple random sampling

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a method of sampling where each sample is equally likely to be chosen. (Simple random sampling can be a problem when large samples are taken from a small population. In such cases, sampling can be done with replacement to imitate an infinite population

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weighted sampling

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a method of sampling where some members of the population are given a greater chance of being included in a sample than others

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stratified random sampling

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a method of sampling where the population is partitioned and a simple random sample is taken from each strata

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cluster sampling

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a sampling method where population members are selected in groups or clusters

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convenience sampling

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a method of sampling where members of the population are selected out of convenience

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teacher's name

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Professor Rafter