Statistics Experiment Vocab

Front 1

Actively imposing some treatment in order to observe response

Back 1

Experiment

Front 2

Part of the population that we examine in order to gather information

Back 2

Sample

Front 3

Entire group of individuals that we want info about

Back 3

Population

Front 4

Studying a part in order to get info about the entire group

Back 4

Sampling

Front 5

Applying the information gained from a sample to the entire population the sammple is supposed to rep

Back 5

Statistical Inference

Front 6

Method used to choose the sample from the population

Back 6

Sample Design

Front 7

Two variables' effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other

Back 7

Confounded

Front 8

A sample created by those who volunteer themselves, responding to general appeal

Back 8

Voluntary Response Sample

Front 9

Choosing individuals that are easiest to reach

Back 9

Convenience Sampling

Front 10

A study that systematically favors certain outcomes

Back 10

Biased

Front 11

Set of individuals chose from the population where every set has an equal chance of being selected

Back 11

Simple Random Sample SRS

Front 12

Label/Assign values to each individual, then select random labels

Back 12

Choosing an SRS

Front 13

Gives each member of the population known chance to be selected (greater than zero)

Back 13

Probability sample

Front 14

Divides population into groups of familiar individuals (strata) then chooses SRS from the strata to do the test

Back 14

Stratified Random Sample

Front 15

Way of narrowing down a sample to the specific individual you want to study

Back 15

Multistage Sample

Front 16

When some groups are left out of the sampling choosing

Back 16

Undercoverage

Front 17

When someone refuses to cooperate in survey

Back 17

Nonresponse

Front 18

When interviewer can cause problems in gathering data (wording effects)

Back 18

Response Bias

Front 19

Recalling events from the past

Back 19

Telescoping

Front 20

List of individuals from which the sample is actually selected

Back 20

Sampling Frame

Front 21

observes individuals and measures variables of interest (no attempt to influence response)

Back 21

observational study

Front 22

units are human beings

Back 22

Subjects

Front 23

Specific experimental condition applied to units

Back 23

Treatment

Front 24

Explanatory (independent)variables in the experiment

Back 24

Factors

Front 25

Combining specific values of each factor when conducing experiments that study the joint effects of several factors

Back 25

Level

Front 26

Dummy treatment with no physical effect

Back 26

Placebo

Front 27

When patients respond to the dummy treatment

Back 27

Placebo effect

Front 28

Group of patients receiving sham treatment

Back 28

Control Group

Front 29

when the experimenter systematically creates similar treatment groups based on statuses

Back 29

Matching

Front 30

Using chance to divide units into groups

Back 30

Randomization

Front 31

When all experiemtnal units are allocated at random among all treatments

Back 31

Completely randomized

Front 32

Effect too large to be of chance

Back 32

statistically significant

Front 33

repetition of experiment to reduce liklihood of chance

Back 33

replication

Front 34

when experimenter does not treat all subjects the exact same way

Back 34

hidden bias

Front 35

where neither of teh subjects or people having contact with them know which treatment is which

Back 35

double-blind

Front 36

when an experiment does not duplicate the true conditions they study

Back 36

Lack of realism

Front 37

random assignment of units to treatments separately in each block

Back 37

block design

Front 38

group of units similar in ways affecting their response to treatment

Back 38

block

Front 39

block design consisting of two units closely matched

Back 39

matched pairs design