States Of Consciousness, Sleep, And Dreams

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 2

Automatic Processing

Back 2

Involves initiating activities and carrying them out without much effort

Front 3

Controlled Processing

Back 3

Initiating an activity and making a conscious effort to direct our behavior

Front 4

Preconscious

Back 4

Outside of awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought to conscious awareness

Front 5

Unconscious/Subconscious

Back 5

Includes unacceptable feelings or thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness

Front 6

Nonconscious

Back 6

Processes are completely inaccessible to conscious

Front 7

Circadian Rhythms

Back 7

Occur on a 24 hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness

Front 8

Reticular formation, pons, and thalamus

Back 8

Brain structures involved in wakefulness, arousal, and attention

Front 9

Free Running Rythms

Back 9

The cycle that arises without any external stimulus concerning day and night

Front 10

Sleep

Back 10

The periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness

Front 11

Eugene Aserinsky

Back 11

Used EEG to study sleep in 1952

Front 12

Eye movements, muscle tension, and brain waves

Back 12

Three things measured by EEGs

Front 13

Awake Aroused State

Back 13

We are awake and moving, our brain emits beta waves (15 to 40 cycles per second)

Front 14

Awake but Relaxed State

Back 14

Eyes are closed but we're still awake, brain activity slows to a large amplitude and slow regular alpha waves (9-14 cycles per second). Meditation.

Front 15

Stage One

Back 15

Relaxed wakefulness that lasts up to five minutes. Muscles jerks and dreamlike awareness occur in this stage. Alpha waves.

Front 16

Stage Two

Back 16

More deeply relaxed and starting to emit theta waves (5-8 cycles per second). 50% of all sleep occurs in this stage. Sleep spindles occur.

Front 17

Stage Three

Back 17

Transition stage. First emission of delta waves (1.5 to 4 cycles per second). Temperature decreases and pulse/breathing slows.

Front 18

Stage Four

Back 18

Deepest sleep. Delta waves. Irregularities in sleep occur in this stage: sleep walking, teeth grinding, etc. Pituitary gland is active in this stage.

Front 19

REM

Back 19

Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams/nightmares commonly occur. Low amplitude, fast, regular beta waves (15-40 cycles per second)

Front 20

90 minutes

Back 20

Length of a typical sleep cycle

Front 21

5-6 Cycles

Back 21

How many cycles occur in a typical night

Front 22

16 hours, 50% REM

Back 22

How long infants sleep, spend in REM

Front 23

7-8 Hours, 20% REM

Back 23

How long young adults sleep, spend in REM

Front 24

6 hours, 15% REM

Back 24

How long the elderly sleep, spend in REM

Front 25

Rem Rebound

Back 25

More time is spent in REM the night after getting a poor night's sleep.

Front 26

Immune function/concentration decreases, accidents increase

Back 26

Two reasons why we sleep

Front 27

Sleep deprivation

Back 27

Body builds up sleep debt for up to two weeks

Front 28

Microsleep

Back 28

Tiny, seconds long periods of sleep that are not necessarily psychologically satisfying but do seem to help one "get through"

Front 29

Restorative Theory

Back 29

Sleep protects and helps us recover, restore, and repair the brain and body tissue

Front 30

Memory Consolidation Theory

Back 30

Sleep helps us remember because it provides our brains with time to restore and rebuild fading memories

Front 31

Growth Theory

Back 31

Sleep provides the body with time to grow because the pituitary gland releases the growth hormone while you are sleeping. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

Front 32

Adaptive Non-Responding Theory

Back 32

We sleep at night because it is safer and more functional (evolutionary perspective)

Front 33

Narcolepsy

Back 33

Periodic, overwhelming sleepiness at any time for a short period of time (usually REM). Lack of hypocretin.

Front 34

Insomnia

Back 34

Persistent problems in falling or staying asleep

Front 35

Hypersomnia

Back 35

Getting or needing too much sleep

Front 36

Sleep Apnea

Back 36

Stop breathing during sleep for a few seconds

Front 37

Night Terrors

Back 37

Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions. Little to no recall the next morning.

Front 38

Dreams

Back 38

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind

Front 39

8/10 dreams are negative

Back 39

What percent of dreams are negative?

Front 40

Sigmund Freud

Back 40

Believed dreams allow us to express our unconscious wishes in a disguised way

Front 41

Manifest Content

Back 41

remembered storyline

Front 42

Latent Content

Back 42

Underlying unconscious message or symbolic meanings

Front 43

Freud's wish fulfillment

Back 43

We dream because we have a unconscious desire for something

Front 44

Information Processing

Back 44

We dream to help us sift, sort, and fix the days experiences in our memory

Front 45

Physiological Function

Back 45

We dream to provide a sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways.

Front 46

Activation Synthesis

Back 46

We dream because the brain engages in random neural activity that we try to turn into sense.

Front 47

Cognitive Development

Back 47

We dream to allow us to problem solve

Front 48

Lucid Dreaming

Back 48

the sense that you are in a dream

Front 49

1. Emotions may end the dream

2. Content is illogical/unorganized

3. Contains complex sensory impressions

4. Accept dreams uncritically

5. Most have difficulty remembering them

Back 49

Five Characteristic Features of Dreaming