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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the Categorical Data.
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1. Nominal
2. Ordinal |
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List the Numerical Data.
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1. Interval
2. Ratio |
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Define Nominal Data.
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- Possible values are just names of categories.
- No apparent ordering between the possible values (e.g., gender, major, college). |
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Define Ordinal Data.
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There is an obvious ordering of the possible values .
Example: Year level(Freshman, Sophomore...), Military ranking. |
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Define Interval Data.
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- Interval exists but not ratios.
- Zero does not mean absence of that variable. (e.g., Temp., IQ) Example: 60F vs. 30F, there is 30 degrees difference but that doesn't mean that 60F is 2x as warm as 30F. |
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Define Ratio Data.
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- Ratios exist.
- Zero means absence of that variable (e.g., age, height, # of classes this semester). |
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Define Discrete ratio level.
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Result of a counting process (e.g., # of classes being taken, # of students in class).
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Define Continuous ratio level.
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Result of a measuring process (e.g., height, age, weight, velocity).
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Relative Frequency Table.
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represents the frequency of each type of categorical variable.
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Bar Chart.
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plot of the relative frequency table; order of categories is arbitrary.
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Pie Chart.
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also a plot of the relative frequency table, except in a circular shape.
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Stem-and-Leaf Plot.
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identifies gaps in the data, distribution of values, number/location of peaks, outlying values and spread about the typical value.
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Relative Frequency Table and Histogram.
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similar with stem-and-leaf plot but dependent on class size. However, values are lost through grouping.
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Box-and-Whisker Plot.
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graphical representation of the distribution of quarters of the data. Useful when comparing the distribution of two variables.
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Dot Plot.
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similar to histogram but used for moderately large data.
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Left-Skewed.
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Left tail is longer than the right tail.
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Right-Skewed.
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Right tail is longer than left tail.
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Symmetric.
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Left tail is almost the same as the right tail.
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Five Number Summary.
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1. MIN
2. Q1 3. MED 4. Q3 5. MAX |
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MIN (minimum).
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The smallest of the ordered observations.
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Q1 (first Quartile).
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The upper boundary of the first quarter
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MED (median/second quartile).
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The upper boundary of the second quarter, also divides the data into halves.
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Q3 (third quartile).
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The upper boundary of the third quarter.
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MAX (maximum).
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The largest of the ordered observations.
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