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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constellation
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group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky that looks like a familiar object (Big Dipper), animal (Pegasus), or character (Orion).
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Absolute Magnitude
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measure of the amount of light a star gives off.
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Apparent Magnitude
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measure of the amount of light from a star that is received on Earth.
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Light-year
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distance light travels in one year - about 9.5 trillion km - which is used to record distances between stars and galaxies.
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Photosphere
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lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere; gives off light and has temperatures of about 6,000 K.
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Chromosphere
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layer of the Sun's atmosphere above the Photosphere.
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Corona
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outermost, largest layer of the Sun's atmosphere; extends millions of kilometers into space and has temperatures up to 2 million K.
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Sunspot
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area of the sun that is cooler and less bright than surrounding areas; caused by the Sun's magnetic field and occurs in cycles.
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Nebula
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large cloud of gas and dust that contracts under gravitational force and breaks apart into smaller pieces, each of which will collapse to form a star.
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Giant
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late stage in the life of a main sequence star in which hydrogen in the core is used up, the core contracts, and temperatures inside the star increase, causing its outer layers to expand and cool.
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White Dwarf
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late stage in the life cycle of a main sequence star in which its core uses up its helium and its outer layers escape into space, leaving behind a hot, dense core.
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Supergiant
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late stage in the life cycle of a massive star in which the core heats up, heavy elements form by fusion, and the star expands; can eventually explode to form a supernova.
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Neutron Star
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collapsed core of a supernova that can shrink to about 20 km in diameter and contains only neutrons in the dense core.
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Black Hole
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final stage in the evolution of a supernova, in which the core's mass collapses to a point that it has no volume and whose gravity is so strong that no even light can escape.
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Galaxy
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large group of stars, dust, or gas held together by gravity; can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular.
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Main Sequence
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90% of stars that fall into a diagonal band on the H-R diagram that vary in brightness, and temperature.
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Universe
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all space and the matter space contains
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Star
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a self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which the energy is generated by nuclear reactions in its interior.
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Supernova
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The death of a large star by explosion.
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Irregular-Shaped Galaxy
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A galaxy that does no fit into any category; a galaxy with very little symmetry.
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Spiral-Shaped Galaxy
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A galaxy with bulge in the center and very distinct long arms winding around the center.
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Lenticular-Shaped Galaxy
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Galaxy with a central bulge or bar with short arms, if any are present.
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Elliptical-Shaped Galaxy
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A galaxy with a bright center and very little dust or gas.
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Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
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A pol of the surface temperature (color) of stars vs. their luminosity (brightness).
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