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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Presence of catalase: staph vs strep. |
Staph is catalase positive. Strep is catalase negative. |
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Staphylococcus with coagulase activity. |
Staphylococcus aureus. |
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Protein A |
Staphylococcal protein that binds IgG, protecting organism from opsonization and phagocytosis. |
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Coagulase |
Staphylococcal enzyme that activates prothrombin leading to fibrin formation around the bacteria and protecting it from phagocytosis. |
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Hemolysins |
Four types: alpha, beta, gamma, delta Destroy RBCs, neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets |
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Leukocidins |
Destroys leukocytes. |
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Panton-Valentine Leukocidin |
Leukocidin found in CA-MRSA associated with abscess formation. |
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Penicillinase |
Disrupts the penicillin beta-lactam ring, inactivating the antibiotic. |
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Novel penicillin binding protein |
Also called transpeptidase. Protein necessary for peptidoglycan cell wall formation. Site of action for penicillins. Some staphs have novel or new strains of transpeptidase that are resistant to inhibition by penicillin. |
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Hyaluronidase |
Spreading factor of staphylococcus. Does so by breaking down proteoglycans in connective tissue. |
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Staphylokinase |
Works like streptokinase by breaking fibrin |
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Lipase |
Breaks fats and oils. Facilitates colonization of sebaceous glands. |
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Protease |
Destroys tissue proteins. |
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Diseases caused by Staphylococcal exotoxin release |
Gastroenteritis Toxic shock syndrome Scalded skin syndrome |
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Disease caused by direct organ invasion by staphylococcus |
Pneumonia Meningitis Osteomyelitis Acute bacterial endocarditis Septic arthritis Skin infections Bacteremia UTI |
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Toxins implicated in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome |
Exfoliative toxin A & B |
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Layer of skin involved in SSSS |
Middle epidermis |
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What is SCCmec |
Stands for Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome conferring resistance to Methicillin. Genomic strand that can be passed on from one bacteria to another to confer resistance to Methicillin and other drugs. |
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Why is CA-MRSA more successful at conferring Methicillin resistance to other bacteria than HA-MRSA? |
CA-MRSA's SCCmec is smaller and easier to transfer than HA-MRSA's because HA-MRSA's SCCmec has more mutations for more drugs on it. |
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Features of staphylococcus epidermis that allows it to adhere to prosthetic materials |
Polysaccharide capsule Biofilm |
