Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Aeromedical Factors Discussion - Study Cards
SSC Training Syllabus revised 2012 (lesson 1b) Deck ID: SSC-S001b v0.1 |
-
|
|
|
Describe Aeronautical Decision Making
|
Aeronautical decision making (ADM) is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of cirumstances.
ADM skill cannot be overemphasized. |
|
|
Describe the decision model
|
DECIDE
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Describe the Risk Elements
|
PAEP
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Pilot Self-assessment
|
I'm Safe
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Stressors (hint: 3)
|
1. Physical Stress - Condition associated with the environment, such as temperature and humidity extremes, noise, vibration, and lack of oxygen.
2. Physiological Stress - Physical conditions, such as fatigue, lack of physical fitness, sleep loss, missed meals (leading to low blood sugar levels), and illness. 3. Psychological Stress - Social or emotional factors, such as a death in the family, a divorce, a sick child, or a demotion at work. This type of stress may also be related to metal workload, such as analyzing a problem, navigating an aircraft, or making decisions. (response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Stress Management
|
1. Performance generally increases with the onset of stress
2. Performance increases to a peak then quickly falls off as stress levels exceed a person's ability to cope 3. Decision making during flight can be impaired by stress. (response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Five Hazardous Attitudes & Antidotes
|
1. Anti - Authority "Don't tell me."
2. Impulsivity "Do it quickly." 3. Invulnerability "It won't happen to me." 4. Macho "I can do it." 5. Resignation "What's the use?" (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Resources during flight operations (hint: 2 types)
|
Internal Resources
External Resources (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Altitude and Motion Sickness
Cause, indication, treatment, caution |
1. Caused when brain receives conflicting messages about the sate of your body
2. Symptoms of motion sickness include discoumfort, nausea, dizziness, paleness, sweating and vomiting. 3. Open fresh air vents and focue on objects outside the glider at a distance. Caution: Dramamine can prevent airsickness but is not recommended when you are flying as a pilot as it can cause drowsiness. (response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Workload Management (hint: 3 priorities & considerations)
|
3 priorities: ANC - aviate, navigate, & communicate
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Situational Awareness:
-What is it - Considerations - How to maintain |
What is it: the accurate perception of the operational & environmental factors that affect the aircraft, pilot and passengers during a specific period of time
Considerations: fatigue, stress, work overload can cause fixation, cockpit distraction that prevents scanning of instruments and outside. Complacency - things become routine. How to maintain: All the skills in ADM are used. (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Operational Pitfalls
-What is it -What are they (9) |
A number of classic behavior traps for pilots. Particularly experienced pilots. Typically experienced when pilot attempts to complete flight as planned or the basic drive to meet or exceed goals.
These tendencies ultimately may bring about practices that are dangerous and often illegal and may lead to a mishap. (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Hypoxia (General)
|
Hypoxia occurs when the tissues in the body do not receive enough oxygen.
(response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Hypoxia (Types)
|
Hypoxic Hypoxia - as you ascend during flight, the % of oxygen is the same but fewer molecules are available at the pressure required to pass between the membranes in your respiratory system.
Hypemic Hypoxia - when the blood is not able to carry sufficient amount of oxygen to the cells in your body - results from results from a deficiency in the blood. Causes: anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, loss of blood. Stagnant Hypoxia - deficiency of oxygen due to pools circulation of the blood. Can result from pulling excessive positive Gs. Histotoxic Hypoxia - the inability of cells to use oxygen. Can result from alcohol, drugs, narcotics. (response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Hypoxia
- Signs - Treatment |
Onset of oxygen starvation can be euphoria and a carefree feeling.
Others include: Headache, Decreased reaction time, impaired judgment, euphoria, visual impairment, drowsiness, lightheaded or dizzy sensation, tingling in finger/toes, numbness, blue fingernails and lips (cyanosis), limp muscles. Worsening signs: narrowed field of vision, blurred vision (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Hyperventilation
- Cause - Symptoms - Treatment |
Occurs when one experiences emotional stress, fright, or pain. Pilot encounters extreme, unexpected flying factors (turbulence, sink, WX). Flying at higher altitudes can lead to increased breathing rate and hyperventilation.
Breathing rate increases Other symptoms: Headache, decreased reaction time, impaired judgment, euphoria, visual impairment, drowsiness, lightheaded or dizzy sensation, tingling in finger/toes, numbness, pale, clammy appearance, muscle spasms. (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Middle Ear Anatomy
|
The middle ear is the part of the ear behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane) containing the small bones (ossicles) that conduct sound to the inner ear and nerve of hearing
(see diagram on page 2). The middle ear cavity is normally filled with air at the same pressure as the surrounding air. This air is continuously absorbed by the body, but each time we swallow or yawn, the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to your nose and ?? (response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Middle Ear
- Problems - Treatment |
Glider not pressurized. Pain caused due to change in pressure between outside air and air inside your middle ear.
- During assent middle ear pressure decreases slower than outside air pressure (causing eardrum to bulge outward) (valsalva) - During decent, outside pressure quickly increases and middle ear pressure is lower (causing eardrum to bulge inward) (harder to correct) (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Spatial Disorientation
- 3 systems used to maintain - Dominant system |
Refers to lack of orientation with regard to position in space and to other objects:
- 3 sensory organs: Visual (eyes), Vestibular (inner ear motion system) and Postural (nerves in skin, joints & muscles) (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Spatial Disorientation
- Leading cause - Prevention |
Under normal flight conditions with reference to horizon and ground allow visual, vestibular and postural systems to confirm each other. When visual reference is lost, vestibular system becomes unreliable. Could lead to unrecognized turn, speed increase, pull back, increase turn rate, can result in spin. Sometimes called a graveyard spiral.
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Medical Cause - Cause in gliders and prevention |
Type of hypemic hypoxia. CO attaches to hemoglobin about 200 times more easily than oxygen. Prevents hemoglobin from carrying oxygen to the cells.
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Symptoms
|
Headache, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness and/or loss of muscle power.
(response 1 of 1) |
|
|
Stress
- Types of Stress - Causes of types |
Acute stress (short-term) & Chronic stress (long-term).
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Fatigue
- Types of Fatigue - Causes of types |
Acute fatigue (short-term) & Chronic fatigue (long-term).
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Acute fatigue special type
- Main effects - Fatigue Causes |
Skill fatigue results in Timing Disruption & Disruption of the perceptual field.
- Timing Disruption. You appear to perform a task as usual, but the timing of each component is slightly off. - Disruption of the perceptual field results in your concentrating your attention upon movements of objects in the center of your vision and neglect the periphery. (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Dehydration
- Cause and effect - Prevention |
A crytical loss of water from the body. First noticed effect is fatigue. Limits top physical and mental performance. Fatigue, dizziness, weakness, nausea, cramping, extreme thirst.
Caused by long periods of exposure to the sun (especially in the large clear canopy which offers little protection) and, at high altitude, the low pressure (fewer air pollutants) offer less diffusion of the sun's rays. (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Alcohol
- Effects - Level in blood - Treatment - CFR |
Alcohol impairs the efficiency of the juman mechanism. Even small amounts can impair judgement, decrease sense of responsibility, affect coordination, constrict visual field, diminish memory, reduce reasoning power, lower attention span.
Impairment can occure at alcohol blood levels as low as .01 percent (response 1 of 2) |
|
|
Drugs
- Two broad groups - FAR rule |
Over the counter & prescription. Both can impair judgement, memory, alertness, coordination, vision. Any medicaation that depresses the nervous system (sedative, tranquilizer antihistamine) can make a pilot more sesceptible to hypoxia.
(response 1 of 2) |
|
|
SCUBA
- Issue - AIM recommendation |
Increased pressure of water causes excess nitrogen to be absorbed into the blood and body tissue. When flying, reduced atmospheric pressure at altitude allows nitrogen to come out of solution in bloot and tissue. Called the bends and can be experienced as low as 8,000 free mean sea level (MSL) and can be painful and incapacitating.
(response 1 of 2) |
