Ss Midterm Study Guide

Front 1

Motives for Early Colonization

Back 1

England wanted to establish colonies in North America to provide new markets for their products and raw materials for English industry.

Front 2

Jamestown

Back 2

--Founded by wealthy Englishmen in the Virginia Company of London who hoped to find silver, gold, and Indians to trade with for fur.

--King James I granted them a charter.

--First permanent British settlement.

--Barely survived due to bad environment, useless skills, poor leadership, and bad relationships with the Natives

--main cash crop-tobacco

--Colony prospered under John Smith's leadership.

Front 3

Pilgrims

Back 3

--A person who takes a religious journey.

-- A group of Separatists decided to leave the Netherlands and settle in Virginia.

--100 pilgrims traveled on the Mayflower to VA. But they ended up in Massachusetts. They settled in Massachusetts. NOT VIRGINIA.

-- Called the colony Plymouth.

--41 men signed the Mayflower Compact. Called for a gov't that would follow "fair and just rules." This doc was the first doc in which colonists claimed a right to govern themselves.

Front 4

Puritans

Back 4

--Group that had disagreements with the Church of England. They wanted to change the established church. In the 1620s, King Charles I opposed their movement and persecuted them.

--A number of them decided to leave and voyage to N. America. These puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company, which got a charter to create settlements in present-day Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Puritans were led by John Winthrop.

--The Puritans had founded their colony so they could worship as they chose, but they did not give non-puritans the same right. Disagreements about religion led to the founding of other colonies

Front 5

Slavery

Back 5

-- About 10 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1500-1800. The Spanish, Portuguese, British, Dutch, French, and English colonists entered the slave trade,

--The Atlantic Slave Trade- African captives were taken to the West African coast. They were traded there for guns and goods, and boarded onto slave ships, traveling across the Atlantic. The voyage was known as the middle passage. Once they reached the Americas,the healthy people were put on the auction block.

--Triangle Trade- a three-way trade between the colonies, the islands of the Caribean, an Africa.

--Slavery took root because of the plantation system. The southern economy came to depend on Slavery.

-- As the number of enslaved people increased, owners were afraid they would revolt. Colonial authorities wrote slave codes, that restricted the rights and activities of slaves. These made it harder for slaves to survive.

Front 6

Why the French and Indian war was fought

Back 6

--British soldiers were pushing into the Ohio River Valley lands claimed by the French. French rejected warnings made by Britain to leave the area, and they found themselves wanting to make forts in the same areas.

Front 7

Outcome of the French and Indian war

Back 7

The Britain lost all the battles until William Pitt became the Prime minister. He chose top generals, and the war entered a new phase. After a few victories. The Iroquois joined sides with the British. The Battle of Quebec , was the final battle of the war. General Wolfe led his troops to Quebec, the capital of New France. After the French surrendered Quebec, they could no longer maintain power in the North American territory. Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris.